NOTE: NO PRIMER AND NO 3’5’ Exonuclease (RNA isn’t permanent, errors OKAY)
Function
RNA TRANSCRIPTION
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Consensus Sequence
Recognized by Binding
Protein (TA seq)
Activation of RNA Pol
Pribnow Box (TATAAT)
-10
Sigma Factor () binds to RNA Pol
= Holoenzyme, begin transcription
Sigma=START
DNA seq to start Initiation
Repressor/Activator
binding site
Regulation of
Transcription of a spec.
PRO
Elongation
Relief of torsional strain
during replication
Termination
Displacement of new strand
Promoter
Operator
TATA Box (TATAA) –TFIID binds here
-25
Pre-initiation Complex: TFII
Main: TFIID w/ TBP
DNA Binding Domain (on GC seq.) binds
Transactivation Domain* which binds
TFIID (TBP) to TATA Box, then
RNA Polymerase binds to DNA @start site
Pol I rRNA
Pol II mRNA
Pol III tRNA
mtRNA Pol (For all mito. RNA Pol)
Topoisomerases
Cis Elements
Ex) Enhancer/silencer binding sites
Trans Acting Factors—basically TFs
Activators bind to Enhancers
Repressors bind to Silencers
Pol I rRNA
Pol II mRNA
Pol III tRNA
mtRNA Pol (For all mito. RNA Pol)
Topoisomerases
Hairpin
Rho Protein (Hexamer) uses ATP
Did not mention specific structures for
Eukaryotes
Transcription Factors
Rho=REJECT
The following are
Active Genes:
Aka. Euchromatin
continuous and apply to both
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Hyperacetylation of chromatin
--Acetylate Lys
Coactivator: HAT (histone acetylase)
Corepressor: HDAC (histone deacetylase)
Hypomethylation** of DNA
At beginning of DNA, literally 5’ End
Normally get methylation of CG
dinucleotides on 5’ Cysteine
* An Adaptor Pro can bind to a Transcription factor on the DNA binding domain of an opposite DNA
strand from the same DS DNA to allow TFIID and RNA Pol to bind to correct strand (Not sure if these are
the same thing)
** Methylation can be activating and repressing!—especially for Patrick, Patrick’s main ex. Of repression
is the 5’ methylation of Cysteine seen above. But know that technically it can go either way w/
methylation.
Also, prokaryotes (specifically the lac operon) has a repressor gene prior to the promoter sequence that
produces the repressor proteins that bind the operator which is downstream from the promoter (i, p, o)