Unit 4, Lesson 5

Essential Idea
 Reconstruction was a time of political, economic, and social changes for both the
North and the South.

Initial Post-Civil War Issues




What will happen to the South?
Ex-Confederates/CSA states
Southern economy
Southern freedmen

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
 Proclamation of
Amnesty and
Reconstruction/“10
% Plan” (1863)


Wade-Davis Bill
(1864)
Lincoln’s assassination




Freedmen
13 th Amendment (ratified 1865)
Black Reactions
White Reactions

Freedmen



Freedmen’s Bureau
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags

Andrew Johnson





Johnson’s background
“10% plus”
Southern governments by 1865
Black codes
Johnson’s Leniency

Johnson vs. Congress
 Radical Republicans



Southern Congressmen barred
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Johnson’s veto


Congress overrides veto
Tension in Congress
 Joint Committee Report on Reconstruction

The 14 th Amendment
 14 th Amendment
(ratified 1868)
 Terms
 14 th Amendment

Radical Republicans Gain More Power





Midterm
Election of 1866
Johnson’s
“swing around the circle”
Radical
Republicans
Thaddeus
Stevens
Charles Sumner




Radical Republican Actions in 1867
Military Reconstruction Act
Command of Army Act
Tenure of Office Act





Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment
Edwin Stanton fired
Johnson impeached
Johnson’s Impeachment
Significance of verdict





Election of 1868
Ulysses S. Grant
“Waving the bloody shirt”
Impact of Freedmen
Results




The 15 th

Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
(ratified 1870)
Black political participation
Hiram Revels
White reaction

Southern Reaction to Black Equality


Ku Klux Klan
“Invisible Empire”
 Redeemers


The KKK
The “KKK Act”
(Force Acts of
1870/1871)
 Grant vs. the Klan

What was Behind the Masks?

Civil Rights Limited
 Civil Rights
Act of 1875
 The Civil
Rights Cases
(1883)

What about Women?


Women before and during Civil War
Woman’s Loyal League
 Reaction to 14 th and 15 th
Amendments

The North During Reconstruction
 Political corruption
 Spoils system
 Democratic political machines
 Boss Tweed vs.
Thomas Nast

Corruption in the Grant Administration
 Jay Gould and James Fisk
 Credit Mobilier scandal (1872)
 Whiskey Ring scandal (1874-1875)
 Indian Ring scandal (1876)
 Corruptible?





Election of 1872
Liberal Republicans
Horace Greeley
“Waving the bloody shirt” again
Results

Panic of 1873


Causes
Create inflation?
 Hard-money
Republicans

The “Crime of ’73”
 Bimetallism


Coinage Act of
1873
“Crime of ’73”
 Future implications






Republican support wanes

Panic of 1873
 Corruption
(“Grantism”)

Monetary issues
Democratic Party grows
Samuel Tilden
(Democrat)
Rutherford B.
Hayes (Republican)
Initial results
Election of
1876

Compromise of 1877
 Compromise of
1877
 Terms
 Impact
 Reconstruction
Ends

Blacks Adjust to Freedom


Black communities
Churches and
Schools

The Old South is
“Redeemed”
 Black disenfranchisement
 Literacy tests
 Poll taxes
 Grandfather clause

Jim Crow is Born
 Segregation




Jim Crow laws
Plessy v.
Ferguson (1896)
“Separate but equal”
Plessy and the
Rise of Jim Crow

A New From of Servitude





Sharecropping
Tenant farming
“Slavery without the chains”
“Exodusters”
The Exodusters

Redemption of the South
 The South is
“redeemed”
 Status for blacks?
 Reconstruction:
Success or Failure?
 A Failed Revolution?