Organic
Compounds
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Organic Compounds
• Compounds that contain CARBON
and HYDROGEN are called organic
molecules.
• Hydrocarbons are organic
molecules that contain only
HYDROGEN and CARBON.
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Carbon (C)
• Carbon has 4 electrons in the
outer shell.
• Carbon can form covalent bonds
with as many as 4 other atoms
(elements).
• Usually with C, H, O or N.
• Example:
CH4(methane)
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Polymers
• Large molecule made up of smaller
“building blocks” called
MONOMERS.
• Examples:
1.Carbohydrates
2.Lipids
3.Proteins
4.Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
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Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are a type of
Organic molecule that contain
only HYDROGEN and CARBON.
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Uses of Hydrocarbons
• Many are composed of a very long
polymer chain so they can be used to
make plastic and synthetic fibers.
• Many are combustible so they are
used for fuel.
– Examples:
• Gasoline
• Jet Fuel
• Diesel Oil
Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates
• Small sugar molecules to large
sugar molecules.
• Examples:
A. monosaccharide
B. disaccharide
C. polysaccharide
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Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide: one sugar unit
Examples:
glucose (C6H12O6)
fructose
galactose
glucose
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Carbohydrates
Disaccharide: two sugar unit
Examples:
– Sucrose (glucose+fructose)
– Lactose (glucose+galactose)
– Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucose
glucose
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Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide: many sugar units or
polymers of sugar.
Examples: starch (bread, potatoes)
glycogen (beef muscle)
cellulose (lettuce, corn)
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
cellulose
glucose
glucose
glucose
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glucose
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Lipids
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Lipids
• General term for compounds which are
not soluble in water.
• Lipids are soluble in other lipids
• Remember: “stores the most energy”
• Examples: Fats, Oils, Waxes, Cholesterol
Functions: Long term energy storage,
hormones, cell membranes
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Proteins
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Proteins
• Amino acids (20 different kinds)
• Functions of proteins:
1. Movement:
muscles
2. Structural:
membranes, hair, nails
3. Cellular reactions : Enzymes
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Nucleic
Acids
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Nucleic acids
• Two types:
a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• Nucleic acids are composed of long
chains of monomers called nucleotides
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