Skeletal System
Functions of the Skeletal System
•
THINK! – What are the four levels of
organization?
•
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems
•
Provides shape & support (206 bones)
•
Allows for body movement with its 26
vertebrae in the backbone
•
Protects the internal organs
•
Produces blood cells
•
Stores certain materials like calcium and
phosphorus
Activity: Turn to your partner and Label the
Human Skeleton
Joints of the Skeleton
• Brain Pop: How Joints Work!
• Places in the body where two bones
meet
• Immovable Joints
• allows no movement
• bones of skull & ribs to sternum
Joints of Skeleton
• Ball & Socket Joint
• allows the greatest range
of motion
• Shoulder & Hip
Joints of Skeleton
• Pivot Joint
• Allows one bone
to rotate around
another
• Neck, arm (radius)
Joints of Skeleton
• Hinge Joint
• Allows forward &
backward motion
• Knee, Elbow, Phalanges,
Mandible
Joints of Skeleton
• Gliding Joint
• allows one bone to slide
over another
• allows bend and flex as well
as limited side-to-side
motion
• Wrist, ankles, vertebrae
• THINK! – What connective
tissue connects bone to
bone?
• Ligaments
Bone Growth
• THINK! – Take a look at the
picture to the right. How do
you think a child’s bones
grow over time?
• Cartilage is replaced
slowly by bone as solid
tissue grows outward.
Over time, the bone
reshapes to include blood
vessels, nerves, and
marrow.
• Osteoblasts are bone
forming cells
• Osteoclasts are cells
which break down bone
releasing calcium into the
bloodstream
Structure of Bone
Brain Pop: Bone Structure
Structure of Bone
•
Periosteum – membrane that covers all of the
bone except ends
•
Compact bone – found underneath membrane
•
•
Hard and dense but not solid
Canals carry blood vessels and nerves from bone’s
surface to living bone cells.
•
Spongy bone - inside compact bone and at
ends
•
Marrow (contained in bone spaces)
•
•
Red - produces body’s blood cells
Yellow – stores fat that serves as an energy reserve