Presenting in the classroom and beyond
[Tufte, 2006]
Understanding follows from dividing out what’s relevant
and minimizing use of jargons and excessive text (bullets)
[Marshall, 2012]
Rethinking the Design
of Presentation Slides
Water from the jet engine’s exhaust creates contrails
that float in the atmosphere
Michael Alley
College of Engineering
Melissa Marshall
Department of Communication
Arts & Sciences
[Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, 2002]
[Hamaker, 2009]
The defaults of PowerPoint are not based on research
in communication or cognitive psychology
[Gomes, 2007]
Our research has found that most slides are heavily
influenced by these defaults
40%
Our Decision
Do not reprocess in the United States
 Do not send spent fuel to France for
reprocessing.
 Wait for GNEP and new reprocessing
methods to be developed.

 Less chance for the proliferation of nuclear
weapons.
 New technology uses recycled fuel more
efficiently.
[Garner et al., 2009]
Our research has found that most slides are heavily
influenced by these defaults
25%
Micro-compression
• MTS Nano Indenter XP
– Modified Berkovich Indenter
– Load applied with coil/magnet
assembly
• Load Resolution 50nN
– Displacement measured with
capacitance gauge
• Sub nm displacement resolution
• Specimen
– 300 nm to 20 μm diameter
– fixed base
3
[Garner et al., 2009]
The past few years, this common practice of PowerPoint
has received harsh criticism
3
January 16, 2003
January 24, 2003
February 1, 2003
[Tufte, 2003]
[Schwartz, 2003]
[Keller, 2003]
Several recent texts have challenged
the defaults of PowerPoint
2003
2005
2008
We advocate an assertion–evidence slide structure
that is grounded in communication research
Xenon headlights illuminate signs better
than halogen headlights do
Standard Halogen
Halogen Headlight
SilverStar
Xenon
Ultra TM
Xenon Headlight
[Sylvania, 2008 ]
[Fishbone, 2008]
Xenon headlights illuminate signs better
than halogen headlights do
Standard Halogen
Halogen Headlight
SilverStar
Xenon
Ultra TM
Xenon Headlight
[Sylvania, 2008 ]
The structure calls for a succinct sentence headline
that states the main assertion of the slide
The small size of the mouse brain makes locating
specific areas extremely difficult
52
[Sawarynski, 2009]
[Welker, 2008]
[Toulmin, 2002]
[Alley et al., 2006]
The small size of the mouse brain makes locating
specific areas extremely difficult
[Welker, 2008]
The structure also calls for supporting that
sentence-assertion headline with visual evidence
During growth, cells secrete waste products and
macromolecules into their environment
Waste
Macromolecules
Cells
[Brown, 2008]
[Mayer, 2001]
[Paivio, 1986]
During growth, cells secrete waste products and
macromolecules into their environment
Waste
Macromolecules
Cells
The Chesapeake Bay, which is the country’s largest estuary,
has only two places for traffic to cross
Annapolis
Dover
Washington D.C
sha.state.md.us
Richmond
[landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov]
[roadtraffic-technology.com]
In the past 25 years, traffic has significantly increased
on the Chesapeake Bay Bridge
1952
Traffic: 1.1 million
1961
Traffic 1.5 million
2007
Traffic: 27 Million
[Maryland Transportation Authority, 2007]
At typical
How
muchhighway
power from
speeds,
a truck’s
overcoming
engine drag
is needed
requires
to overcome
about
two-thirds
aerodynamic
of a truckdrag?
engine’s output
Aerodynamic Drag
CD = 0.6
Rolling Friction
and Accessories
[LLNL, 2010]
[McCallen, 2004]
A third hurdle in adopting the assertion−evidence structure
is to overcome the weak defaults of PowerPoint
[Alley, 2003]
[Atkinson, 2005]
In summary, assertion-evidence slides are more effective
than the common practice of PowerPoint
Water from the jet engine’s exhaust creates contrails
that float in the atmosphere
[Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, 2002]
[Hamaker, 2009]
Example transformations of
slides from the traditional to
the assertion-evidence
design
Melissa Marshall
Department of Communication
Arts & Sciences
This presentation shows transformations of slides
from the traditional to the assertion-evidence design
U.S. Resource Use
• The United States uses:
Before
–
–
–
–
–
–
42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide
31% of all the petroleum
29% of all the phosphate
27% of all the copper
Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population,
27% of the nitrogen
we use an average of 30% of all resources
25% of the zinc
• Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide
After
United States use of specific resources
(percentage of worldwide use)
A First Step
Towards Automatic Verification
of PDE Code
Hans Petter Langtangen
Ola Skaghaug
Simula Research Laboratory
Oslo, Norway
A First Step Towards Automatic
Verification of PDE Code
Hans Petter Langtangen
Ola Skaghaug
Simula Research Laboratory
Oslo, Norway
This presentation shows the evolution from a
manual environment to one that is automated
MATLAB
somewhat
manual
Python
Fortran 77
C++
manual
automated
Outline



Introduction
Background
Pre-Combustion methods
– Coal switching
– Coal cleaning
 Combustion method
– Atmospheric fluidized bed
 Post-Combustion methods
– Absorption
– Adsorption



Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Questions
This presentation compares methods for reducing
emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal power plants
Digital Acquisition System
A
Accelerometer
outputs
A an analog voltage
B
A
B
Hardware
converts analog signal to digital
el
m
in
g
B

C
 Computer samples a number of points
D
o Microsoft Excel
o Matlab
Ov
er
wh
D B is exported to C
D
Data
popular applications
C
C
D
?
Converting an analog signal to a digital signal
requires a sampling of the signal
Hardware converts
analog signal to digital
Accelerometer outputs
an analog voltage
Computer samples
a number of points
Data is exported to
popular applications
Excel
Although researchers give validation more attention,
validation requires successful verification
Validation
Verification
Is the PDE model
appropriate?
Do we solve the
right equations?
Are the numerical models
correctly implemented?
Do we solve the
right equations?
Iron
• An abundant metal, makes up
5.6% of earth’s crust
• Properties:
Iron Ore Distribution
– shaped, sharpened, welded
– strong, durable
• Accounts for >95% of metals
used
• Iron ores discovered in 1844
in Michigan’s Upper
Peninsula
• Soon found other ores in
upper Wisconsin and
Minnesota
Kesler 1994
Where
is the
largest
of iron ores
in North
Iron ores
make
upconcentration
5.6% of the earth’s
crust
America?
and
account for 95% of the metals used
Iron ore
[www.star-bits.com]
Iron
Iron Ore Distribution
Is strong
and durable
Can be shaped,
sharpened, and welded
[Kesler 1994]
Students learning from the transformed slide
scored higher on an identical test question
Q: How abundant is iron in the earth’s crust?
Iron ores
Where
is the
make
largest
up 5.6%
concentration
of the earth’s
of iron
crustores
in North
and
account
America?
for 95% of the metals used
Iron
• An abundant metal, makes
up 5.6% of earth’s crust
• Properties:
Iron ore
Iron Ore Distribution
– shaped, sharpened, welded
– strong, durable
• Accounts for >95% of
metals used
• Iron ores discovered in 1844
in Michigan’s Upper
Peninsula
• Soon found other ores in
upper Wisconsin and
Minnesota
[www.star-bits.com]
Iron
Iron Ore Distribution
Is strong
and durable
Kesler 1994
Led to 59% recall
Can be shaped,
sharpened, and welded
[Kesler 1994]
Led to 77% recall
p < 0.001
[Alley et al., 2006]
U.S. Resource Use
• The United States uses:
–
–
–
–
–
–
42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide
31% of all the petroleum
29% of all the phosphate
27% of all the copper
27% of the nitrogen
25% of the zinc
• Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide
Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population,
we use an average of 30% of all resources
United States use of specific resources
(percentage of worldwide use)
Students learning from the transformed slide
scored higher on an identical test question
Q: Percentage of world’s resources that the U.S. uses?
Although the U.S. has 5% of the world's population,
we use an average of 30% of all resources
U.S. Resource Use
• The United States uses:
–
–
–
–
–
–
42% of all the aluminum produced worldwide
31% of all the petroleum
29% of all the phosphate
27% of all the copper
27% of the nitrogen
25% of the zinc
• Approximately 30% of all resources worldwide
United States use of specific resources
(percentage of worldwide use)
Led to 71% correct
Led to 82% correct
p < 0.025
[Alley et al., 2006]
Why do the plates move?
•Convection
•Heat is from nuclear fission.
•Uranium, Thorium, are large “unstable” atoms
which break down to produce, smaller atoms,
heat, and radioactivity
Miller, 2004
Plates move because of convection caused by heat
from decay of radioactive elements in the mantle
Ocean
Uranium and Thorium are large “unstable” atoms
break down to produce smaller atoms,
heat, and radioactivity
[Miller, 2004]
Students learning from the transformed slide
scored higher on an identical test question
Q: Heat source for movement of lithospheric plates?
Why
domove
the plates
move?
Plates
because
of convection caused by heat
from decay of radioactive elements in the mantle
Why do the plates move?
•Convection
•Heat is from nuclear fission.
Ocean
•Uranium, Thorium, are large “unstable” atoms
which break down to produce, smaller atoms,
heat, and radioactivity
Uranium and Thorium are large “unstable” atoms
break down to produce, smaller atoms,
heat, and radioactivity
Miller, 2004
[Miller, 2004]
Led to 54% correct
Led to 86% correct
p < .001
[Alley et al., 2006]
Fossil Fuels: Who has what?
OPEC countries control about 75%
of the world’s oil
Students learning from the transformed slide
scored higher on an identical test question
Q: Percentage of oil that non-OPEC countries control?
OPEC countries control about 75%
of the world’s oil
Fossil Fuels: Who has what?
Led to 63% correct
Led to 81% correct
p < .001
[Alley et al., 2006]