Name: ______________________________________________________ Date: ________
Transcription Review Animation http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter12/animation_quiz_1.html
Translation Review Animation http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter12/animation_quiz_2.html
The Tryptophan Repressor http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120080/bio26.swf
1.
How many genes code for the enzymes necessary for E. coli to synthesize tryptophan?
2.
What is an operon
3.
What is the regulatory protein called that binds and blocks the operator site?
4.
When tryptophan is lacking, the repressor is active / inactive
5.
Tryptophan binds to the repressor and activates/ inactivates it
6.
What does binding of tryptophan to the repressor physically do to the repressor?
7.
What part of the DNA, major or minor grooves, are bound by activatpors and repressors?
Regulatory Proteins http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter12/animation_quiz_3.html
1.
How many amino acids does E.coli have to synthesize when grown on glucose?
2.
If an amino acid is added to the medium, what does the bacteria do in response and why?
3.
True or False: the repressor is only made in the presence of the amino acid? Explain
4.
What does the amino acid do to the repressor?
5.
What is the inducer in the Lac operon ?
6.
Are catabolic pathways involving repressors examples of positive or negative control?

7.
How does it affect RNA polymerase interaction with DNA
8.
Are anabolic pathways regulated by activator proteins examples of negative or positive control
Go to the following website and read the introductoion before beginning the animation http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/lacoperon.html
1.
According to the introduction, how would you summarize the role of the lac operon?
Now watch the animation
2.
What does the I gene code for?
3.
When is the I gene expressed
4.
In the absence of lactose, where can the repressor be found
5.
How does this affect RNA polymerase
6.
Where does lactose bind the lac repressor, and what is the outcome of this?
Now click on the Conclusion tab
7.
The conclusion states that E. coli can grow in a variety of culture mediums with varying energy sources, what advantage does this give bacteria, and why do you think they don’t just produce all their digestive enzymes all the time.
8.
When is the repressor present in the cell?
9.
Is the lac operon inducible or repressible? Explain what this means.

Now take the quiz
Go to: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter12/animation_quiz_4.html
1.
Which sugar do most bacteria prefer?
2.
What are the 2 regulatory proteins involved in controlling the lac operon, and what are their respective binding sites called?
3.
Where will CAP be found under the following conditions? a.
When cAMP is low: b.
When cAMP is high:
4.
What will be the concentration of cAMP under the following conditions? a.
High glucose  b.
Low glucose 
5.
Why doesn’t transcription of the Lac operon occur in the presence of glucose?
6.
Identify whether transcription of the lac operon will occur or not under the following conditions a.
Glucose is present but not lactose  b.
Glucose + lactose is present  c.
Lactose is present, but not glucose  d.
The is no glucose nor lactose 
7.
What molecule fluctuates in concentration and largely controls transcription of the Lac operon?
Now watch this one just for fun: http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/lacOperon/movie-flash.htm
EUKARYOTIC GENE REGULATION
Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/control_of_gene_expression_in_eukaryotes.html
1.
How is most of the control of gene expression in eukaryotes achieved?
2.
In general, how do regulatory proteins affect transcription?
3.
What do we call regulatory proteins that make RNA polymerase binding more efficient?

4.
How does altering RNA splicing control gene expression?
5.
What role do nuclear pores play in regulating gene expression?
6.
What is ribonuclease?
7.
What may alter the rate of protein synthesis?
Transcription Factors http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/transcription_factors.html
1.
What is a transcription factor?
2.
Transcription factors bind upstream or downstream?
3.
Do basal factors affect the rate of transcription?
4.
List all 3 types of proteins involved in this animation
Transcription Complex & Enhancers http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/transcription_complex_and_enhancers.html
1.
List the 3 proteins that bind to the TATA Box
2.
What are activators
3.
Where are enhancers located
4.
Are enhancers specific or can they be used for more than one gene?
Chromatin Remodeling http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/chromatin_remodeling.html

1.
What is the basic subunit of chromatin called, and what is it composed of?
2.
What role to histone proteins play in transcription activation
3.
What does chromatin rearrangement do?
4.
What is Swi5p, and how does it work?
5.
Based on what we learned in lecture, how does adding an acetyl group to a histone affect transcription?
6.
What do histone acetyltransferases and Swi/Snf do to chromatin?
RNAi http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/rna_interference.html
1.
What is RNAi
2.
Interference of gene expression in RNAi is due specifically to what molecule
3.
What does complementarity between 2RNA molecules cause
4.
Where can antisense RNA come from?
5.
What are the 2 steps of the current model of RNAi?

6.
What happens to double stranded RNA in a eukaryotic cell?
RNAi http://www.nature.com/nrg/multimedia/rnai/animation/index.html
1.
what 2 types of RNA are introduced in this animation
2.
These small RNA molecules are used to direct what?
3.
Inside the nucleus most genes that code proteins are transcribed by what?
4.
What are siRNA’s derived from?
5.
Where can these siRNA’s come from (2 places)
6.
Where do most microRNAs come from
7.
What is dicer?
8.
What is RISC
9.
What does RISC do?
10.
What has greater specificity, siRNA or microRNA’s? Explain.
How Glucocorticoid Hormones Work http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/action_of_glucocorticoid_hormone.htm
1.
What type of hormones are glucocorticoid hormones
2.
Where are the receptors for glucocorticoid hormones found?

3.
What doe glucocorticoid hormones control? List some examples.
4.
What kind of gland secretes glucocorticoid hormones
5.
Where do glucocorticoid hormones get secreted?
6.
What do glucocorticoid receptors function as when bound by ligand?
7.
What is the role of the NLS in this mechanism?
8.
What is a GRE, ans what does it function as?
How intracellular Receptors Regulate Gene Transcription http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/how_intracellular_receptors_regulate_gene_transcription.html
1.
What can small lipid soluble molecules do that regular proten signal molecules cant do?
2.
What must all intracellular receptors that regulate transcription have?
3.
Why don’t these intracellular receptors always activate transcription (in other wrds, why aren’t they always
“on”)?
4.
What is the role of the signal molecule in activating these intracellular receptors?
Video Quiz: halting Hepatitis http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter16/video_quiz_-_halting_hepatitis.html
How can RNA interference
(RNAi) serve to stop certain pathogens?

RNAi stops the process of gene expression by host cells infected with viruses.
A)
RNAi causes mitochondria to stop their production of needed ATP.
B)
RNAi promotes greater lysosome activity, destroying the viruses as their nucleic acid enters into a host cell.
C)
RNAi acts to create a change in cell membrane structure prohibiting the virus from attaching to a cell surface.
D)
2 4
2.
What is the normal sequence of events in gene expression?
Genes > protein > RNA
A)
RNA > Genes > protein
B)
Genes > RNA > protein
C)
3 4
Protein > RNA > Genes
D)
3.
What is the actual course of action that RNAi could do to stop Hepatitis B?
Promotes the production of antibodies against Hepatitis B antigen.
A)
Sends a signal alarming adjacent cells that a virus has attacked a cell.
B)
Prevent cells from allowing the viral nucleic acid to be inserted into themselves.
C)
Inhibit the virus from multiplying its own genetic information.
D)
4.
What is the greatest cause of liver transplants in the United States?
Cirrhosis
4
A)
Hepatitis C
4
B)
Cancer of the liver
C)
5 5
Digestive disorders
D)
5.
What are the limitations that face researchers in making this hepatitis research plausible as a drug therapy?
The hepatitis virus mutates so quickly that it reduces the RNAi effectiveness.
A)
Using a virus vector to deliver the RNAi is a difficult process.
B)
The RNAi is not viable for long in the host cell.
C)
A and C are true statements
D)
B and C are true statements