Edward R. Murrow High School
Mr. Allen Barge, Principal
AP European History
Ms. S. Flanders
AP European History Homework Sheet #1
K = Kagan et. at., The Western Experience
Images = Western Civilization: Sources, Images, and Interpretations
Source = a primary source reading in Kagan
The Renaissance
1. Italian City-States in the Quatrocento
K 317-318, 320-322
A. Identify: popolo gross, popolo minute, Signoria, Ciompi Revolt, Cosimo de Medici
B. Why was there conflict among the classes within Italian city-states?
C. Why were the Italian city-states able to develop a Renaissance? Think of any possible factors.
2 Italian Humanism
K 322-323, Images 18-20
A. Why is Petrarch seen as the “father of humanism?”
B. Identify: studia humanitas
C. In what ways was the Renaissance a break with the Middle Ages?
D. Images: Burckhart – Focus question: Explain Burckhardt’s thesis. Do you agree or disagree?
E. Images: Burke – Focus question: How does Burke refute Burckhardt?
3. New Learning
K 324-326, Images 6
A. Why were Italians during the Renissance so passionate about ancient Greece and Rome?
B. Was the Renaissance man similar to your concept of the ideal man or woman today?
C. Identify: Civic humanism
D. Images, Vergerio – Focus question: How does Vergerio’s view of education reflect humanistic ideas?
4. Artistic Renaissance
K 326-330
A. Why are Michelangelo, Raphael and da Vinci seen as great Renaissance artists?
B. Compare Donatello’s “David” with his “Mary Magdalene.” How does either reflect Renaissance ideas?
C. Source, “Michelangelo and Pope Julius II.” What does this interchange suggest about the relationship
between patrons and artists during the Renaissance?
D. Images: Raphael
5. Northern Renaissance
K 338-341, Images 22-23, 15
A. How did the printing press change both culture and thinking?
B. How different were Erasmus’ and Sir Thomas More’s ideas on reform?
C. How were Christian humanists in northern Europe different from Italian humanists?
D. Images: Nauert, Van Eyck
6 Politics
A.
B.
C.
D.
K 330-334
How did slaves fit into Renaissance society?
How did France and the Pope take advantage of Italy’s disunity?
How did the papacy of Pope Julius II reflect the secular ideas of the Renaissance?
Describe Machiavelli’s ideal leader, and explain why he believed Italy needed such leadership.
7. Women in the Renaissance
Images 8
A. Christine de Pizan – Focus question: How does de Pizan argue for the education of women?
8. New Monarchs
K 335-338
A. Describe the characteristics of the “new” monarchs
B. Why was the term “new monarch” appropriate for Ferdinand and Isabella, Henry VII and Louis XI?
C Why did these monarchs need to curb (limit) the power of the aristocracy in order to centralize their own
power?
9. Age of Discovery
K 341-344, 346-348 Images 49-51
A. How was the era of European discovery an outgrowth of the Renaissance?
B. How would you assess the impact of Columbus’s discoveries on Europeans and non-Europeans?
C. Images: Columbus—Focus question: How does Columbus’s letter reveal his motives?
10. Society and Religion
K 353-357
A. Why were there many movements among people to find religious simplicity?
B. Identify: benefices
C. Why was the Church in the 16th century in need of reform?
11. Martin Luther
K 357-359, Images 26-28
A. Identify: indulgence, Pope Leo X, Charles V
B. Should Luther have objected to the sale of indulgences?
C. Images: Tetzel; Luther, Justification by Faith – Focus question: Was ‘justification by faith” a completely
radical teaching?
12. Spread of Protestant ideas?
K 360, 362-364, Images 38-40
A. How did Charles V’s responsibilities as Hapsburg ruler contribute to the spread of Luther’s teachings?
B. Source, p. 362, German Peasants Protest Feudal Exactions: Were the peasants’ demands reasonable?
C. Compare the ideas of Luther and Zwingli.
D. Images: Elton: Explain Elton’s thesis; Cameron: How would Cameron refute Elton’s argument?
13. Anabaptism and Calvinism
K 365-368, Images 31-32
A. Why did Lutherans and Zwinglians see Anabaptists as radicals?
B. Compare and contrast the ideas of Luther and Calvin.
C. How did Calvinism change Genevan society?
D. Identify: elect
E. Images, Calvin: Why was the doctrine of predestination threatening to Catholicism?
14. Reformation in England
K 369-372
A. Identify: Catherin of Aragon, Ann Boleyn
B. How Protestant was the Church of England that Henry VIII established?
C. How did England become more Protestant under Edward VI?
15. Social Impact of Reformation
K 380-384, Images 44-45
A. How did the ideas of Protestantism impact the role of women?
B. Why did people start marrying later between the 15th and 16th centuries?
C. How did birth control and nursing affect family life?
D. Images: Boxer and Quataert, Focus question: Did women gain or lose influence as a result of the
Reformation?
16. Catholic Reformation
K 372-376, Images 33-34, 40-42
A. Why was there a growth of religious orders such as the Capuchins, Somaschi, Barnabites, and Ursuline
nuns?
B. What were the goals and methods of the Jesuits?
C. Why was the Council of Trent unable to reconcile the Catholic Church with Protestants?
D. Images: Avila, Olin
Wars of Religion
17. Baroque Art
K 392-376, Images 37
A. Why did Jesuits support eh Baroque tyle of art and architecture?
B. How does the Calvinist church in Lyon reflect the ideas of Protestantism?
C. Images: Rubens, Focus question: How does this painting reflect the ideas of Baroque Art? Note: if you
can, look for this image online so you can see it in full color
18. Religious conflict in France
K 390-391, 394, Images 68-69
A. Why were Huguenots persecuted in France?
B. Identify: Catherine de Medicis, the Guises, Henry of Navarre (Henry [Henri] IV), Prince Conde
C How did Cahterine de Medicis try to balance the power of the Guises and the Huguenots?
D. Explain the importance of the 1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.
E. Images: Busbecq
19. Thirty Years’ War
K 408-413, Images 79-82
A. What caused the Thirty Years’ War?
B. How did the 1648 Peace of Westphalia damage the Hapsburg empire and the future of Germany?
C. How did the Thirty Years’ War affect he balance of power in Europe (map, 12-5, p. 414).
D. Images: Holborn, Focus question: How does Holborn explain the Thirty Years’ War?
E. Images: Friedrich, Focus question: How does Friedrich disagree with Holborn?
Constitutionalism and Absolutism
20. Absolutism in France
K 395-398, 430-432, Images 69
A. Identify: politiques, intendants, parlements
B. Explain Henry Iv’s statement, “Paris is Worth a Mass.”
C. Source: Henry IV, p. 397, “Henry IV Recognizes Huguenot Religious Freedom.” Does the Edict of
Nantes give equal standing to Protestants and Catholics?
D. How did Sully and Richelieu lay the foundations of absolute monarchy in France?
E. Images: Richelieu, Focus Question: How does Richelieu justify monarchial power?
21. Louis XIV
K 432-437, 439-441
A. Identify: fronde, Parlement of Paris, 1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
B. How did Mazarin further absolutism?
C. How did Lous create a more centralized state?
D. How was the Palace of Versailles a symbol of Louis XIV’s authority?
E. How did Colbert create the financial basis for Louis XIV’s wars?
22. Constitutionalism in England
K 417-422, Images 70-72
A. How were the systems of government in England and France different?
B. Why did Charles I and Parliament come into conflict in the 1640s?
C. Who was more responsible for these problems, Charles I or Parliament?
D. Images: James I, Focus question: How does James justify his high position and power as king?
E. Images: House of Commons, Focus question: How did Parliament disagree with James I?
23. English Civil War
K 422-424, Images 83-85
A. Did Parliament have the right to oppose Charles I?
B. Identify: Petition of Right, Long Parliament, Pym
C. What was the immediate cause of civil war between the king’s supporters and Parliament?
E. Images: Russell
24. Oliver Cromwell and Restoration of the Monarchy K 424-430, Images 98-99
A. Identify: New Model Army, Rump Parliament, Test Act
B. Why did Cromwell’s rule of England fail?
C. How did James II’s policies lead to revolt?
E. Images, Trevelyan, Focus question: Who won the Glorious Revolution, and what did the winner gain?
25. England
K 489-495
A. How did the structure of British government change under the leadership of Robert Walpole?
B. Why did the structure of Parliament create corruption in the boroughs?
C. How do Hogarth’s illustrations reflect English society at this time?
26. Austria
K 489-503
A. How and why did the Austrian Hapsburgs consolidate their power out of the Holy Roman Empire?
B. Look at Map 15-1 (p. 498) and 15-2 (p. 499); compare the expansion of the Austrian Hapsburg Empire
with the expansion of Brandenburg-Prussia.
C. How was the Hohenzollern family able to forge diverse landholdings into the state of Prussia?
D. Why was the military so important to the rise of Prussia?
27. Scientific Revolution
K 449-454, Images 106, 112-113
A. How were 16th and 17th century natural philosophy and science different from modern day science?
B. Identify: geocentrism, heliocentric
C. Explain the Ptolemaic system of the universe.
D. How was Copernicus’s universe similar to and different from Ptolemy’s?
E. How did Kepler build on the mathematical theories of Brahe?
F. Images, The Papal Inquisition of 1633, Focus Question: Why were Galileo’s views so threatening to the
Church?
G. Images, Anderson and Zinsser, Focus Question: Did women participate in the Scientific Revolution?
28. Witchcraft
K 475-477, Images, 85-86
A. Why did the witch panics occur in the late 16th and early 17th centuries?
B. Source, p. 477: Why More Women than Men are Witches: How did Catholic Church leaders view
women?
C. Why were the people accused overwhelmingly female?
D. Images, Monter, focus question: How does Monte explain the witchcraft and witch hunt phenomena?
29. Enlightenment
K 589-595
A. Identify: philosophes (NOT philosophers!), tabula rasa
B. How did Newton and Locke influence the Enlightenment?
C. Why did philosophers admire England?
D. How did the idea of tabula rasa open the door to progress?
30. Print Culture
K 595-598, Images 137-138, 151-152
A. How did the development of print culture lead to a new force alled public opinion?
B. Why was Diderot’s and d’Alembert’s Encyclopedia?
C. Source: How does the painting “An Experiment on a Bird…” reflect eh new fascination with science?
D. Images: Diderot, focus question: Why did Denis Diderot think his encyclopedia was necessary to and
reflective of the Age of Enlightenment?
E. Images, Becker, Focus Question: Were the philosophes more medieval or more modern?
31. Enlightened Society
K 601-605
A. Identify: physiocrats
B. Discuss the main ideas of Montesquieu’s “Persians Letters” and “Spirit of the Laws”
C. Was Montesquieu’s view of England accurate?
D. Which did Rousseau value more, the individual or society?
32. Enlightenment Religion
K 596-601, Images 142-145
A. Why did philosophes see organized religion as their greatest enemy?
B. How did beliefs of Deism reflect the outlook of the Enlightenment?
C. How did Jewish thinkers contribute to Enlightenment ideas about religion?
D. Source, p.599, Voltaire Attacks Religious Fanaticism: Why does Voltaire argue that neither religion nor
laws can contain religious fanaticism?
E. Images, Paine, Holbach
33. Women in the Enlightenment
K 606-610
A. Describe the attitudes of the philosophes toward women.
B. Source, p. 609, Rousseau: Was Rousseau’s view of separate spheres harmful or helpful to women?
C. Source, p. 610, Wollstonecraft: How did Wollstonecraft criticize Rousseau?
D. Discuss the role of women like Julie de Lespinasse and the Marquise de Pompadour in the salons.
34. Enlightened Absolutism
K 611-617, Images 154-155
A. Describe the domestic policies of Joseph II of Austria, Frederick the Great of Prussia, Maria Theresa of
Austria and Catherine the Great of Russia
B. To what extent were the enlightened monarchs true believers in the ideas of the philosophes?
C. In what ways did the enlightenment monarchs succeed or fail in improving their countries?
D. Images, Scott