I Can classify Baroque music
Do Now: What is group buys the highest percent of
pop music? What group buys the least? Add
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Baroque Music
Part 2
1600-1750
Henry Purcell
• English Composer
– 18= composer for the King’s string orchestra
– Later=music director of Westminster Abbey.
– Finally= music director at Chapel Royal
• Wrote many different styles of music but is
best known for his opera Dido and Aeneas
Thy hand, Belinda; darkness shades me
On thy bosom let me rest
More I would, but Death invades me
Death is now a welcome guest
When I am laid, am laid in earth,
May my wrongs create
No trouble, no trouble in thy breast;
Remember me, remember me
But ah! forget my fate
Listening: “Dido’s
Lament” from Dido
and Aeneas
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivlUMWUJ-1w
HOT Question…
With the people around
you, discuss what this
song means.
The Concerto and Concerto Grosso
• Concerto: piece for one instrumental
soloist, string orchestra, and basso
continuo
– Usually has 3 movements
• Concerto Grosso: piece for multiple
instrumental soloists, string orchestra, and
basso continuo
– Like the concerto, has three movements
The Concerto Grosso: Performers
• Tutti- A word in music that means everyone plays
• Ritornello- a main melody of a piece that will be
repeated throughout a work
• Ritornello Form– When a song alternates between soloist and full
orchestra taking turns
The Concerto Ritornello form
• Three Movements
1. Fast & ritornello form
2. Slow
3. Fast & ritornello form
Listening:
Brandenburg
Concerto No. 5 in D
Major, by J. S. Bach
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=lhXHMzSOK5c
Antonio Vivaldi
The Red Priest
Antonio Vivaldi - Life
• Father was a musician
• Was also a priest
• Violin teacher, composer, conductor at girl's
orphanage
• Completely forgotten about until 1950!
• 450+ concertos and concerto grossis
The Four Seasons
• Four concerti for violin and orchestra
–
–
–
–
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Listening: "La Primavera",
(Spring) Movement one.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=CcrrXHnN5uU
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach
(1685-1750)
• German Composer
– Comes from a long line of musicians
– his sons- 4 became composers.
• First big job- Music director for prince of
Cöthen
The Fugue: terminology
• Bach invented the Fugue.
• A fugue is a polyphonic piece of music
based on one theme (melody) that is
repeated throughout the work in a variety
of different ways.
– Fugues usually have “call and answer”
sections
• A theme is a short melody used to build a
larger piece of music
Listening: Toccata and
Fugue in D Minor, by
J. S. Bach
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=ipzR9bhei_o
Bach in Leipzig
• After Bach left Cothen, music director
at St. Thomas Church in Leipzig,
Germany.
– Bach stayed here for his last 27 years.
• He composed and rehearsed new
music for each Sunday service and
holiday service
• Music education of 55 students at St.
Thomas School
Bach in Leipzig
• Director of Leipzig Collegium Musicum
– student organization
– weekly concerts at a coffeehouse
• Organ performer and technician
– Gave concerts and organ manufacturers asked
him to judge the construction of their organs.
– Taught organ to private students
Bach’s Lifestyle
•
•
•
•
•
Deeply religious (Lutheran)
20 children by two wives
Blind from cataracts
Today is Buried in St. Thomas Church
Forgotten at his death
– It wasn’t until 1829 that a composer dug up his
work and everyone started to realize how great
he was.
Bach - St. Thomas Church
Styles Bach Used
• chorale: hymn tune sung to a religious text
• cantata: for chorus, vocal soloists, organ
and small orchestra
Cantata
• written for chorus, vocal soloists, organ and small
orchestra.
• text from the Bible or familiar hymns
• used to reinforce the sermon
• half-hour
• included choruses, recitatives, arias, and duets.
(all are also found in opera)
• Bach composed about 295 cantatas
Listening: Cantata No. 140:
Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=eC35GS88OqA
Output
• Music Director Day planner
– Imagine yourself in the role of Johann
Sebastian Bach, music director at St. Thomas.
– Start with a wake up time of 9:00 AM and list
each hour of the day until you go to bed at 10:00
PM
– At each hour, write a short, historically correct
sentence about what Bach would be doing.