Chapter 19 Note Outline
Bacteria
What is the ultimate outcome of metabolic activity for bacteria?
What does growth refer to?
Nutrients are _______________ and used for _______________.
How do Bacteria Get Energy?
Autotrophs =
Heterotrophs =
Chemotrophs
Phototrophs =
What is the most common element in cells and never a limiting nutrient?
Bacterial Environments
Organotrophs =
Lithotrophs =
Obligate Aerobes =
Obligate Anaerobes =
Facultative anaerobes =
Aerotolerant =
Microaerophiles =
Peroxide =
Nitrogen
What element is often growth-limiting?
These six elements make up 95% of the dry weight of cells.
Definitions
Trace elements =
Growth factors =
Minimum growth temperature =
Maximum growth temperature =
Optimum growth temperature =
Loving Environments
Psychrophiles =
Ex.
Mesophiles =
Ex.
Thermophiles =
Ex.
Hyperthermophiles =
Ex.
Neutrophiles =
Acidophiles =
Features of hyperthermophiles that enable them to remain intact:
1.
2.
3.
Two regions of body that acidity reduces microbes and malfunctions:
1.
2.
How can microbes survive in dry conditions?
1.
2.
Hypertonic =
Hypotonic =
Plasmolysis =
Obligate halophiles =
Barophiles =
Relationships
Antagonistic relationship =
Synergistic relationship =
Symbiotic relationship =
Biofilms
-
Shapes and Arrangement
Coccus =
Bacillus =
Spirillum =
Vibrio =
Diplo- =
Staphylo- =
Strepto- =
Reproduction
Binary fission:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Spores =
Budding =
Endospore formation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exponential Growth
When does this occur?
Carrying capacity =
Phases of Growth: (draw a curve to the side and label each phase)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Archae
What don’t they have?
Extremophiles =
Thermophiles =
Halophiles =
Methanogens =
Physical Methods for Control
1. Heat is used for sterilization, canned goods
Thermal Death Point =
Thermal Death Time =
Decimal Reduction Time =
2. Moist Heat
1. Boiling
2. Autoclaving
How do you know when something has been sterilized?
1.
2.
Pasteurization =
Flash Pasteurization =
Ultrahigh-Temperature Sterilization =
3. Dry Heat
Other Methods
1. Refridgeration =
2. Dessication =
3. Lyphilization =
4. Filtration =
5. Osmotic Pressure =
6. Radiation =
1. Ionizing Radiation =
2. Nonionizing Radiation =
7. Sterilization =
8. Aseptic =
9. Disinfection =
10. Antiseptic =
11. Degerming =
12. Sanitization =
Microbial Death =