Exam 4 review
Vertebrates
4 characteristics of all chordates:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are these?
1. Lancelets
2. Tunicates
3. Craniates
4. Chondrichthys
5. Osteichthyes
6. Actinopterygii
7. Gnathostomes
3 Membranes of amniotes and function:
1.
2.
3.
Ectothermic vs. endothermic
What is some evidence that class Aves descended from some dinosaurs?
MITOSIS
3 important roles of cell division
1.
2.
3.
Define:
Chromosome
Chromatid
Histone protein
Centromere
Centrosome
Sister chromatids
Draw the 6 stages of mitosis-Interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphate, telophase/cytokinesis. Use
page 313 in book to help.
CancerWhat can cause it? What do cancer cells do that make them dangerous? What are HeLa cells? Malignant vs. benign
tumors?
MEIOSIS
Draw 10 different stages of meiosis, starting with prophase I. Use page 319 in book to help
Where do these things happen? Synapse, crossing over, homologous pairs, random alignment, cells become haploid,
chiasmata, tetrad, recombinant chromosome, dyads (not listed in order!)
Property
DNA Replication
Number of divisions
Synapsis of Homologous
Chromosomes
# Daughter cells and genetic
composition
Role in animal body
Mitosis
Meiosis
What were two original theories on heredity?
What is a character and a trait? How would this be related to a gene and an allele?
What is phenotype and genotype?
Describe Medel’s experiment (what he did)?
What were 3 important choices he made to structure his study?
What results did he find?
What is the Law of Segregation? Vs Law of Independent Assortment
What is phenotype and genotype? What is hetero and homozygous genotype? How can you determine
genotype?
How was Mendel lucky with his experiments?
Sex linked problem: In koala bears, white ear tufts are dominant to grey ear tufts. In a cross between two koalas, 50% of
the male and 50% of female offspring had white ear tufts. The other half of the males and females had grey ear tufts.
What are the phenotype, and all possible genotypes, of the parents?
You do the experiment again just for kicks with two different koala bears. You get 100% females with white tufts, and
100% of the males had grey tufts. What are the phenotype and possible genotype of the parents?