NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
FDR 1933 Inauguration
BANKING
• Reconstruction Finance
Corp. – From Hoover,
kept by FDR, loaned $ to
banks to stay open
• “bank holiday” – FDR
closed all banks right
after his inauguration
• Emergency Banking Act
– reopened those banks
with the funds to be safe;
increased govt. oversight
of banks
Newspaper Reports
FDR’s Quick Action
BANKING
FDR delivers his first fireside chat
• “fireside chats” –
first of these radio
talks to the nation
by FDR focused
on getting people
to put money back
into the recently
reopened banks
• F.D.I.C. (Federal
Deposit Insurance
Corp.) – protected
up to $5,000 in
individual deposits
in banks
FARMERS
• Dust Bowl (1930-1936) – dust storms caused by
severe drought in which the fertile soil of the
plains was blown around and farms were ruined
FARMERS
• Farmer’s Holiday
Association –
farmers withheld
grain and livestock
from market
(1932)
• Wisconsin Milk
Strike – dairy
farmers dumped
milk to prevent it
from going to
market in hopes of
raising the price
on milk (1933)
Wisconsin Farmers Breaking Milk Bottles
FARMERS
• Farm Credit
Administration (1933)–
provided loans to
farmers to meet farm
payments
• A.A.A. (Agricultural
Adjustment Act) –
provided subsidies to
farmers to produce less
FARMERS
• Resettlement
Administration (1935)
– gave loans to tenant
farmers to buy their
own farms and to
sharecroppers and
migrant farmers to
move to more
profitable areas
• Rural Electrification
Administration (1935)
FARMERS
• Butler v. U.S. (1935) – Supreme Court case that
struck down the A.A.A.
• Soil Conservation Act (1935) – passed after
A.A.A. was struck down; paid farmers to plant
grasses instead of crops
Soil Erosion
Research Site
In Oklahoma
FARMERS
• Farm Tenancy Act (1937) – created Farm
Security Administration which loaned $1 billion
to farmers to buy farms (replaced the
Resettlement Administration)
Tenant Farmers
in a Cotton Field
in Mississippi
UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS
• Federal Emergency
Relief Act (1933) –
$500 million to state
and local relief
agencies
• Home Owners Loan
Corp. (1933) – helped
city dwellers to
refinance home
mortgages
Soup Kitchen for the Unemployed
UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS
• National Industrial Recovery Act (N.I.R.A.)
– created the Public Works Administration
(P.W.A.) which provided jobs mostly in
construction projects (1933)
UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS
• Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) – provided
construction jobs, prevented soil erosion and
flooding, and provided jobs operating the
hydroelectric dams (1933)
UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS
• Civilian Conservation Corp. (C.C.C.) – employed
jobless urban young men in projects like
creating parks, reforestation, and soil erosion
control (1933)
UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS
• Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.) –
temporary public works agency (1933)
C.W.A. Workers in
New York City
UNEMPLOYED / WORKERS
• Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.) –
expanded previous works programs to those of
nearly all occupations (1935)
W.P.A.
Artist’s
Work ►
◄ W.P.A.
Sponsored
Theater
INDUSTRY / LABOR
• National Recovery Administration (N.R.A.) –
drafted codes for each industry for production
limits, wages, prices, etc. (1933)
– also part of N.I.R.A. like the P.W.A.
INDUSTRY / LABOR
• Schechter Poultry Corp. v. U.S. (1935) – a
Supreme Court case that invalidated regulations
on the poultry industry and essentially struck
down the N.I.R.A.
INDUSTRY / LABOR
• Wagner Act (1935) – replaced the struck down
N.I.R.A.; it allowed unions and collective
bargaining and set up the National Labor
Relations Board (N.L.R.B.), which oversaw its
responsibilities and mediated between unions
and management
N.L.R.B. was designed to prevent
problems like this police battle
with striking truck drivers in
Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1934
INDUSTRY / LABOR
• Congress of Industrial
Organizations (C.I.O.) –
when the American
Federation of Labor indicated
reluctance to organize
unskilled workers, John L.
Lewis, who was president of
the United Mine Workers
Union, created the C.I.O.
which attracted millions of
unskilled industrial workers
John L. Lewis
INDUSTRY / LABOR
• Sit-down strikes
• Fair Labor
Standards Act
(1937) – gives
sanction to the
minimum wage
and maximum
work week of 40
hours
Auto workers sitting on car seats
inside a GM factory in Flint during
1937 UAW sit-down strike
STOCK MARKET
• Federal Securities Act
(1933) – required
corporations to inform
govt. of all stock
offerings (to try to end
insider trading)
• Congress abolished
buying on margin
(1934)
• Securities and
Exchange Commission
(S.E.C.) – set up to
enforce regulations on
the stock market (1934)
1934 S.E.C. Meeting with
Joseph Kennedy seated in center