"There are decades where nothing
happens; and there are weeks where
decades happen."
-Vladimir Lenin
1.
What were some of the problems
Russia had in going to war in 1914?
2.
Who was RASPUTIN?
3.
What happened as a result of the
MARCH REVOLUTION (February)
1917?
4.
Who were the BOLSHEVIKS?
5.
Who was the leader of the
Bolsheviks?
6.
Who took power in the NOVEMBER
REVOLUTION 1917 (Red October)
7.
Who were THE WHITES?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
UNPREPARED MILITARY/LACK OF
INDUSTRIALIZATION/LACK OF
TECHNOLOGY/WEAK MILITARY AND
POLITICAL LEADERS
CRAZY MONK WHO CONTROLS AND
INFLUENCES THE TSARINA
OVERTHROW OF THE IMPERIAL ROMANOV
DYNASTY
COMMUNISTS
VLADIMIR LENIN
THE BOLSHEVIKS
THE ANTI-BOLSHEVIKS



THE WEAKNESS AND FAILURE OF RUSSIA
IN WW I LEADS DIRECTLY TO THE
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE
COLLAPSE OF IMPERIAL RUSSIA AND THE
ROMANOV DYNASTY
Revolution of 1905 had failed to produce a
liberal constitutional monarchy
Tsar had all the power  relied on the army
and the bureaucracy
1.
2.
3.
4.
Unprepared militarily
Unprepared industrially and technologically
Lacked good military leadership
Massive military defeats
1.
2.
3.
4.
The last Romanovs
Tsar was not up to the
challenges
Tried to take personal
command of the army
Family problems
The murder of Rasputin has become a legend, some of it invented by the very men who killed him, which is why it has
become difficult to discern the actual course of events. On December 16, 1916, having decided that Rasputin's influence
over the Tsaritsa had made him a threat to the empire, a group of nobles led by Prince Felix Yusupov and the Grand
Duke Dmitri Pavlovich and the right-wing politician Vladimir Purishkevich apparently lured Rasputin to the
Yusupovs' Moika Palace]… led him down to the cellar, where they served him cakes and red wine laced with a massive
amount of cyanide. According to legend, Rasputin was unaffected, although Vasily Maklakov had supplied enough
poison to kill five men. Conversely, Maria's account asserts that, if her father did eat or drink poison, it was not in the
cakes or wine, because after the attack by Guseva he suffered from hyperacidity and avoided anything with sugar. In
fact, she expresses doubt that he was poisoned at all. It has been suggested, on the other hand, that Rasputin had
developed an immunity to poison due to mithridatism.
Determined to finish the job, Prince Yusupov became anxious about the possibility that Rasputin might live until the
morning, leaving the conspirators no time to conceal his body. Yusupov ran upstairs to consult the others and then
came back down to shoot Rasputin through the back with a revolver. Rasputin fell, and the company left the palace for
a while. Yusupov, who had left without a coat, decided to return to get one, and while at the palace, he went to check
on the body. Suddenly, Rasputin opened his eyes and lunged at Yusupov. He grabbed Yusupov, ominously whispered
in his ear, "you bad boy," and attempted to strangle him. At that moment, however, the other conspirators arrived and
fired at Rasputin. After being hit three times in the back, he fell once more. As they neared his body, the party found
that, remarkably, he was still alive, struggling to get up. They clubbed him into submission. Some accounts say that his
killers also sexually mutilated him, severing his penis (subsequently resulting in urban legends and claims that certain
third parties were in possession of the organ) After binding his body and wrapping him in a carpet, they threw him
into the icy Neva River. He broke out of his bonds and the carpet wrapping him, but drowned in the river.
Three days later, Rasputin's body, poisoned, shot four times, badly beaten, and drowned, was recovered from the river.
An autopsy established that the cause of death was drowning. His arms were found in an upright position, as if he had
tried to claw his way out from under the ice. It was found that he had indeed been poisoned, and that the poison alone
should have been enough to kill him. There is a report that after his body was recovered, water was found in the lungs,
supporting the idea that he was still alive before submersion into the partially frozen river.
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PETROGRAD = the new name for St.
Petersburg
Strikes break out in Petrograd in 1917
Skyrocketing bread prices, rationing, shortages
WOMEN’S MARCH IN PETROGRAD = mass
demonstrations demand “Peace and Bread”
Workers join the women in protest – general
strikes shut down all factories
Tsar orders troops to break up the strikes and
demonstrations shoot if necessary
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The soldiers refuse to fire on protestors and
end up joining them
Tsar loses control of Petrograd
Duma declares that it is taking power on
March 12th
New government is created = the
PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
The Tsar abdicates on March 15th
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
surprise/unexpected how quickly it fell apart
No real plan for what to do next
Middle class and liberal aristocrats supported
the provisional govt
Provisional govt wanted to create a liberal
republic and stay in the war
Peasants and workers want an end to the war
Councils of workers and soldiers
1.
represented the interests of the lower classes
2. made up of different socialist groups

THE MENSHEVIKS – moderates

THE BOLSHEVIKS - radicals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Led by VLADIMIR LENIN
Violent revolution  destroy capitalism
“the vanguard of the revolution” = the party of
well disciplined professional revolutionaries
Lenin was in exile in Switzerland in 1917
THE SEALED TRAIN = Germans ship Lenin back
to Russia
Lenin arrives back in Russia in April 1917 – issues
the APRIL THESES
a. gain control of the Soviets
b. overthrow the Provisional Govt
c. “ PEACE, LAND, BREAD”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Plans a constitutional convention in fall of 1917
Continue the war effort
Peasants begin to seize land
Army falls apart  formation of Soviets in the
army
Peasant soldiers begin mass desertions  drop
weapons and go home
No one really supports the Prov. Govt.
In July ALEXANDER KERENSKY becomes
leader of the govt
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In October 1917 Lenin and the Bolsheviks seize
power in Petrograd
The Provisional Government collapses
Constituent Assembly(Constitutional
Convention) is broken up by force by Lenin
Bolsheviks rename themselves – the
Communist Party
Land is nationalized and turned over the to the
rural soviets
Get Russia out of the war  March 1918
1.
2.
3.
Russia signs treaty with Germany
Russia gives up a large amount of territory to
Germany – Eastern Poland, Ukraine, Finland,
Baltic states
Russia is out of the war
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Reds v. Whites = Bolsheviks v. anti-Bolsheviks
The Red Army – created and headed by LEON
TROTSKY
White forces led by Admiral Kolchak in the East
General Denikin in the South
Other groups also attack/threaten the Reds
Various White forces never unite and are defeated
one by one
Bolsheviks are more ruthless and brutal
Tsar, his wife, and five children are murdered by
the Reds in July 1918 at Ekaterinburg


The white knight
represents the antibolsheviks forces
The red dragon
represents the
bolsheviks/communis
ts

1.
2.
3.
Reds take total control of the economy  all
resources are used to win the civil war
Nationalization of banks and industry
Forced seizure of grain from peasants
Centralization of Bolshevik administration
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The Bolshevik use of terror, murder, and
intimidation to destroy any and all opposition
Creation of a new Red secret police = THE CHEKA
All classes were targeted
“Do not look in the file of incriminating evidence
to see whether or not the accused rose up against
the Soviets with arms or words. Ask him instead to
which class he belongs, what is his background,
his education, his profession. These are the
questions that will determine the fate of the
accused. That is the meaning and essence of the
Red Terror.“
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Who were the Nationalists and Unionists
in Ireland?
14.
What was Capt. Alfred Dreyfus accused
of? And why?
15.
Who were the members of the Triple
16.
Entente?
17.
What were the Germans attempting to
challenge the British over?
18.
Who was Franz Ferdinand?
19.
What was dispute between Austria and 20.
Serbia over?
Who were the Black Hand?
21.
Who gave the blank check to who?
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
22.
What were four elements of trench
23.
warfare?
24.
Who attacked who in the Gallipoli
25.
campaign
How many were killed at the Battle of
Verdun?
What was the significance of German
unrestricted submarine warfare and the
Zimmermann Telegram?
What was the Lusitania and what
happened to it?
What was the Fourteen Points?
Define Total War
Name two ways governments tried to
control public opinion.
What did the Suffragettes want?
How many were killed in WW I?
What killed 30 million people after WW
I?
What was the name of the Treaty ending
WW I?
What was the League of Nations?
Who were the Big 3?
What was Article 231?
What were 9 newly created countries in
Europe after WW I?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Who was the last Tsar of Russia?
Who was the Tsar’s wife?
Who was Rasputin?
What did the Empress think Rasputin
could do?
What was Petrograd?
How did the soldiers respond to the
Tsar’s orders to break strikes and
protests in March 1917?
What replaced the Tsar’s government?
Define Duma
Who were the Bolsheviks?
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
What was the Provisional Government’s
war policy?
What was the Provisional Government’s
policy on land redistribution?
What did the peasants begin to do?
Where was Lenin when the March
revolution broke out?
How did he get back to Russia?
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Why did the Germans help Lenin return
to Russia?
What did Lenin and the Bolsheviks do in
November 1917?
What happened to the Provisional
Government?
What broke out after the November
Revolution?
What was the Bolshevik policy towards
the war?
What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do?
What government replaced the Kaiser’s?
Who were Karl Leibknecht and Rosa
Luxemburg and what did they try to do?
What did the Bolsheviks change their
name to?
Who were the Whites?