KINGDOM
ARCHAEBACTERIA &
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
Unit 2 - Biodiversity
Kingdom Archabacteria
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Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Cell walls without
Peptidoglycan
Some autotrophic,
some heterotrohpic
Found in harsh,
extreme environments
Kingdom Eubacteria
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Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Cell walls with
Peptidoglycan
Some autotrophic,
some heterotrohpic
Found everywhere!
(wash your hands!)
Kingdom Archaebacteria
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Differ from Eubacteria in the fact that their RNA (found in
ribosomes) is arranged differently and cell walls are different.
They are mostly anaerobic (don’t need oxygen)
Are found in very harsh environments
 Very salty, acidic and hot places.
 Volcanic Vents, Hot springs, bottom of the ocean.
Thought to be the oldest living organisms on Earth.
 It is believed that Earth’s atmosphere began as a mixture of
poisonous gases, where only this type of organism could
have survived.
Kingdom Eubacteria
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Most common bacteria. Found everywhere
All known pathogens (the bacteria that makes you
sick) are in K. Eubacteria
Also all the good for you bacteria (like in yogurt).
Examples include:
 Streptococcus
 Clostridium tetani
 Clostridium botulinum
 Lactobacillus
Bacteria – Prokaryotic Organisms
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Both kingdoms (Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) were
once collectively known as Kingdom Monera.
Prokaryotic
 Means that it doesn’t have a nucleus. A nucleus holds
all of a cells DNA, so the DNA in a bacteria cell is just
“stuffed” inside the cell, along with free floating
ribosomes (which help make proteins and have RNA).
Reproduces by binary fission
 Since the cell’s DNA is not concentrated in one area all
the bacteria cell has to do is double it’s genetic
material, and split in half.
Binary fission – Asexual Reproduction
Bacteria – Single Celled Organisms
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All bacteria cells are
unicellular. All seven
characteristics of life
occur in one cell.
If lots of cells divide
and live in one area
(usually cultured on
agar) it is called a
colony.
Pictures – Look alike to me??? I can see
why they were once grouped together 
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Naming Bacteria – What’s your shape?
Often bacteria is named for it’s shape and
arrangement.
 Arrangements
 Shapes
(most common)
(most common)
 Strepto (chain)
 Coccus (sphere shaped)
 Staphylo (cluster)
 Bacillus (rod shaped)
 Diplo (pair)
 Sprillium (spiral shaped)
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Bacteria and you – Pros & Cons
Positive Contributions
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Decomposers
“Fix” nitrogen into a
useable form
Food production—yogurt,
cheese, etc.
Sewage Treatment
Clean Oil Spills
Source of antibiotics
Negative Aspects
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Disease
 Syphilis, gonorrhea,
tuberculosis, strep
throat, botulism, etc.
Food Spoilage
Resistance to drugs.
What is Clostridium tetani?
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The bacteria that causes Tetanus!
This is why we get a Tetanus vaccine every 10
years!
Tetanus painting
What is Clostridium botulinum?
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The bacteria responsible for Botulism….
and Botox!
Other applications
Bifidus regularis
Probiotics