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English Revolution and Constitutional Monarch
Chapter 20.1 and 20.2
Why Should You Care?
• Political democracy rests on the principal that gov’t derives (gets) its power from
the consent (the “OK”) of the governed.
• The foundations of English civil rights are:
•1. jury trial
•2. the Magna Carta
•3. common law
• The English Civil War prompted further development of the rights of the
common Englishman
What You Should Ask Yourself (and be able to
answer)
•How did the English Civil War and
the Glorious Revolution (2 different
events) promote the development of
the rights of Englishmen?
Let’s Begin With “King” Elizabeth
From there it seems to be all downhill...
King
Elizabeth
Queen
James I
whoops, I
meant King
James I
Charles I
Wrote Psalms for the modern
Bible: King James version
Charles I
Divine Right of Kings means
he
doesn’t listen to Parliament
They present him with the
Petition of Right
• king can’t tax people w/out
permission of Parliament
•he can’t declare martial law
• can’t quarter soldiers in
private homes in times of
peace
• can’t imprison someone
he signed but ignoredw/out
it - continued
to charge
tax as wanted - he
a specific
dismissed Parliament because they kept complaining
Charles I
He made people angry!
1.kept Parliament dissolved
2.Parliament mainly Puritan
3.made church services more
formal (like the Catholic
ceremonies) this angered Puritans
4.no guarantee of civil liberties
5.no juries and judges made
decisions in secret - like the
infamous Star Chamber
6.people didn’t like his absolute
rule
Charles I
National Covenant and Scottish Rebellion!
Scottish as Presbyterian
Protestants- they resent the
forcing of Anglican ceremonies!
They signed the National
Covenant stating they would
never do this...they were loyal
to their church more than their
(resented-hated) British king
Charles I invades 2x and fails
- he finally has to call in
Parliament (and they aren’t
leaving now!)
This new Parliament is called the Long Parliament
New Laws
• King can’t dissolve Parliament
Parliament must meet at least one time every 3
years
tried to change Anglican Church but that wasn’t
successful
Meanwhile....bloody rebellion in British-controlled
lands of Ireland
Parliament said they needed an army - Charles
refused - Civil War Began in 1642
English Civil War
Cavaliers for
the King
Roundheads for
Puritan Parliament
English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell
Under Oliver Cromwell (military genius)
leads the Puritans’ army against the king.
Run Charles I out
Parliament now the Rump Parliament
England is a Commonwealth now
Guess now
would be a
good time to
leave town!
I’ll go to
Scotland
psst...he didn’t make it - Cromwell had him beheaded!
English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell
Life is tough under Cromwell!
1653-1658 Life was ugly!
lots of battles
lots of gossip
His rule - the Protectorate - was
unpopular!
English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell
This rule would have ended earlier
except for :
1. raised enough $ from taxes and
land sales to make sure the army
was well trained and equipped.
2. Army was disciplined & powerful
3. Enemies were not organized
English Civil War
Trade and the Dutch!
I’m not letting the
Dutch control all the
trade and make all
the money!
Navigation Act of 1651
• all goods coming to England from other
countries need to be carried on English ships
or by ships of the producing country.
• War with Dutch!
End of English Civil War
Cromwell dismissed Parliament
He ruled alone
He died
1660 Parliament invited Charles II
to come back and be king!
This is the period of Restoration!
(the restoring of the king...)
The merry monarch...
Put It In Order
1.Civil War broke out
2.Parliament passed Petition of Rights
3.Cromwell had Charles I killed
4.Charles I refused to call Parliament to session
5.Cromwell “failed” to set up a constitution
6.Cromwell ruled as lord protector
7.Long Parliament began
8.Parliament invited Charles II to be King of
England
The Glorious Revolution
•Next comes the
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution
•Why is the Glorious Revolution
so glorious?
•because it brings a constitutional
monarchy to the most powerful
kingdom on Earth - Great Britain
The Glorious Revolution
•Let’s get some timing in order...
The Glorious Revolution
• 1066 - The original Norman invaders of 1066 (Remember William the Conqueror - the
Norman bastard?)
•
1215 - The Magna Carta and its Rule of Law.
•
•
1558-1603 Elizabeth.
•
1603 James I - then Charles I -
The Glorious Revolution
•How it all begins...
• 1642-1651/1658 then Oliver Cromwell and English Civil War
Constitutional Monarchy
The Kings Return
Charles II
Restoration
Rebirth of English Culture
Constitutional Monarchy
The Kings Return
Avoided fights with
Parliament
Did fight with Dutch and won
the American colony of New
Amsterdam (renamed it New
York)
French and British rivalry
restarts - this one lasts 150
years!
• Charles II (Catholic) has no heir
• It looks like James II - his brother - an avowed Catholic might
inherit!
• England is divided over this issue
• Not enough for another bloody civil war like the one with they
just had with the Cavaliers and Roundheads
• This will be a peaceful revolution
Constitutional Monarchy
Tories
outlaws
• believed James II
(Roman Catholic)
should rule
• believed in Anglican
Church
• believed in
monarchy - enough to
accept a Roman
Catholic ruler like
James
Whigs
horse thief = rebellious
OMG! James II is
Catholic!
need/want strong
Parliament and believed
they had the right to
oppose James as ruler
James II seems to
be inheriting the
throne
Parliament offers
throne to Protestant
Mary (daughter of
James II) and
husband William of
Orange
Parliament divides over who
should inherit throne
Whigs v. Tories
Glorious
Revolution
power
passed
without
bloodshed
English Bill of
Rights signed
William (Duke of Orange) and Mary
Glorious Revolution
• Democracy
English Bill of Rights was passed
by Parliament after the Glorious
Revolution of 1688. Power was
• The
• transferred from Catholic James II to his
son-in-law and daughter, William and
Mary, both of whom were Protestant.
Changes in Gov’t
• Toleration Act - Religious Freedoms (protect everyone
but Roman Catholics and Jews)
• Act of Settlement 1701 - Keeps Catholics from the
throne - if William III dies with no heirs then throne
goes to Mary’s Protestant sister Anne...and so on always to Protestants
1700 England is a Constitutional Monarchy
Parliament
House of Lords
Prime Minister
House of Commons
Cabinet
Act of Union - united Scotland and England
Scotland didn’t like it
encouraged trade
Review
Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by
1. abolishing all social class distinctions
2. becoming constitutional monarchs
3. preventing wars with neighboring nations
4. introducing western ideas and customs
review
“God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send
death; to judge…and to be judged (by) none…And the like power have kings;…”
Which idea is described by this passage?
1. theory of divine right
2. enlightened despotism
3. Social Darwinism
4. constitutional monarchy
“. . .The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion
itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His
purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together.”
—Bishop Jacques Bossuet
Review
This statement describes the philosophy that existed during the
1. existed during the
2. Age of Absolutism
3. Renaissance
4. Industrial Revolution