EUROPEAN
SETTLEMENT
OF NORTH AMERICA
A2
7.8.31
WHAT IS HISTORY??
• Prologue, After the Fact
• Point of View (ATF 1)
Guiding Question 1
Why did people settle in the British
North American colonies?
Did people come for primarily
economic concerns or for
religious/idealistic motivations?
Guiding Question 2
Why and How did the British
North American colonies develop
into distinctively different
societies and economies?
Regions: (1) the Chesapeake and
Lower South, (2) New England, (3)
Mid-Atlantic.
American
Colonies at
the End of
the
Seventeenth
Century
VIRGINIA
CHESAPEAKE
Virginia
Company,
Charter,
1606
Chesapeake
Bay
&
Jamestown
Settlement of Virginia
•
•
•
•
•
Virginia Company
Jamestown
John Smith
John Rolfe
Tobacco
• House of Burgesses
• indentured servants
• headright system
• “starving time”
Jamestown Settlement
(Computer Generated)
Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of
its colonists in an Indian attack,
Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
Tobacco
Prices
1618-1710
Life in Early Virginia, 16201670s
•
•
•
•
•
“plantations”
society
economy
quality of life
religion?
River Plantations in Virginia, c. 1640
17th Century Population
in the Chesapeake
100000
80000
60000
White
40000
Black
20000
0
1607
1630
1650
1670
1690
Social Unrest in the Chesapeake
• Bacon’s
rebellion
– causes
• Backcountry
settlement and
Protection
• Power of
“eastern” elites
and Taxation
– significance
Bacon’s rebellion in Virginia, 1676
Significance of Bacon’s
Rebellion
• First large rebellion in colonies
(political & social)
• Social/political conflict: “eastern”
elites vs. backcountry
• Catalyst in transition from
indentured servitude to slavery
Reasons for Slavery
• Decrease in indentured servants
– English economy
• Increase in availability of slaves
– end of Royal African company monopoly
– Decrease in price
• Fears of growing number of landless
freemen
• Available supply from Caribbean
Population of Chesapeake
Colonies: 1610-1750
The Atlantic Slave Trade
“middle passage”
Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth
and Eighteenth Centuries
Slavery
• Where was
slavery legal?
In which
colonies did it
exist?
Africans as a Percentage of Total
Population of the British
Colonies, 1650–1770
The
Chesapeake
Colonies in
the
Seventeent
h Century
Deep South
•
•
•
•
The West Indies and Carolina in the Seventeenth Century
Carolina (1682)
Georgia (1738)
rice
indigo
Rice
Indigo
Spread of
Settlement:
British
Colonies,
1650–1700
NEW
ENGLAND
American
Colonies at
the End of
the
Seventeenth
Century
English Migration, 1610-1660
Plymouth
•
•
•
•
Separatists
“Pilgrims”
Plymouth
Mayflower Compact
Mayflower II
Massachusetts Bay
• Puritans
• Great
Migration
• “City upon
a hill”
New England
•
•
•
•
•
towns
town meetings
church
Education
“Old Satan
Deluder” Act
(1647)
• Harvard
College (1636)
• merchants
Land Division in Sudbury, MA: 1639-1656
Population of the
New England
Colonies
Puritan “Rebels”
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
New
England
Colonies,
1650
King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1676)
MIDDLE
COLONIES
Colonies
in
Eastern
North
America
1650
New York
• New Netherland (1613)
– Who? Why?
• Patroonships >>>
• New York (1664)
• society
• economy
Pennsylvania
•
•
•
•
•
William Penn
Quakers
society
economy
Indian
relations
Royal Land Grant to Penn
Middle
Colonies,
1685
Area of
English
settlemen
t by 1700
American
Colonies at
the End of
the
Seventeent
h Century
Britain's American Empire, 1713