EUROPEAN
SETTLEMENT
OF NORTH AMERICA
A2
7.8.31
Guiding Question 1
Why did people settle in the British
North American colonies?
Did people come for primarily
economic concerns or for
religious/idealistic motivations?
Guiding Question 2
Why and How did the British
North American colonies develop
into distinctively different
societies and economies?
Regions: (1) the Chesapeake and
Lower South, (2) New England, (3)
Mid-Atlantic.
• http://www.havefunwithhistory.com/
movies/Jamestown.html
• http://www.historyglobe.com/jamesto
wn/
• http://www.ushistory.org/us/index.a
sp
American
Colonies at
the End of
the
Seventeenth
Century
VIRGINIA
CHESAPEAKE
Virginia
Company,
Charter,
1606
Chesapeake
Bay
&
Jamestown
Settlement of Virginia
•
•
•
•
•
Virginia Company
Jamestown
John Smith
John Rolfe
Tobacco
• House of Burgesses
• indentured servants
• headright system
• “starving time”
Jamestown Settlement
(Computer Generated)
Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of
its colonists in an Indian attack,
Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
Tobacco
Prices
1618-1710
Life in Early Virginia, 16201670s
•
•
•
•
•
“plantations”
society
economy
quality of life
religion?
River Plantations in Virginia, c. 1640
Social Hierarchy in the Chesapeake
The owners of
tobacco plantations
Small
farmers
were
Tobacco
was
the
the largest class;
basis as
of indentured
wealth &
Came
cause ofmost
social
servants;
were
inequalities
very poor
Indentured
servants were
often mistreated
African slaves
There
were
very few
women
17th Century Population
in the Chesapeake
100000
80000
60000
White
40000
Black
20000
0
1607
1630
1650
1670
1690
Social Unrest in the Chesapeake
• Bacon’s
rebellion
– causes
• Backcountry
settlement and
Protection
• Power of
“eastern” elites
and Taxation
– significance
Bacon’s rebellion in Virginia, 1676
Significance of Bacon’s
Rebellion
• First large rebellion in colonies
(political & social)
• Social/political conflict: “eastern”
elites vs. backcountry
• Catalyst in transition from
indentured servitude to slavery
Reasons for Slavery
• Decrease in indentured servants
– English economy
• Increase in availability of slaves
– end of Royal African company monopoly
– Decrease in price
• Fears of growing number of landless
freemen
• Available supply from Caribbean
Population of Chesapeake
Colonies: 1610-1750
The Atlantic Slave Trade
“middle passage”
Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth
and Eighteenth Centuries
Slavery
• Where was
slavery legal?
In which
colonies did it
exist?
Africans as a Percentage of Total
Population of the British
Colonies, 1650–1770
The
Chesapeake
Colonies in
the
Seventeent
h Century
Deep South
•
•
•
•
The West Indies and Carolina in the Seventeenth Century
Carolina (1682)
Georgia (1738)
rice
indigo
Rice
Indigo
Spread of
Settlement:
British
Colonies,
1650–1700
NEW
ENGLAND
In what ways was colonial New
England different from colonial
Virginia?
American
Colonies at
the End of
the
Seventeenth
Century
English Migration, 1610-1660
Plymouth
• “Pilgrims”
– “Separatists”
• Plymouth
• Mayflower Compact
Mayflower II
Massachusetts Bay
• Puritans
– “purify”
• Great
Migration
• “City upon
a hill”
New England
•
•
•
•
•
towns
town meetings
church
Education
“Old Satan
Deluder” Act
(1647)
• Harvard
College (1636)
• merchants
Land Division in Sudbury, MA: 1639-1656
What
functions
could this
building
have
served in
New
England?
Population of the
New England
Colonies
Social Hierarchy in New England
Local “elite” were
religious leaders
who ran town
meetings
Large population of
small-scale farmers
who were loyal to
he local community
Small population
of landless
aborers, servants,
& poor
Religion was
the center of
society
Puritan “Rebels”
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
New
England
Colonies,
1650
King Philip’s War, 1675 – 1676)
MIDDLE
COLONIES
Colonies
in
Eastern
North
America
1650
New York
• New Netherland (1613)
– Who? Why?
• Patroonships >>>
• New York (1664)
• society
• economy
Pennsylvania
•
•
•
•
•
William Penn
Quakers
society
economy
Indian
relations
Royal Land Grant to Penn
Middle
Colonies,
1685
Area of
English
settlement
by 1700
American
Colonies at
the End of
the
Seventeenth
Century
Britain's American Empire, 1713