Cromwell, Restoration, and the
Glorious Revolution
Objectives
• Explain how the English Civil War led to the
rise of the Commonwealth.
• List the causes and results of the Glorious
Revolution.
Key Terms
• Restoration
• Petition of Rights
Oliver Cromwell
What caused civil war to break out in
England?
• June 1642, Parliament moved to weaken the
King’s control over the army.
• Puritans called for reforms in the Church of
England.
• Charles I rejected Parliament’s proposals and
brought in soldiers to arrest its leaders.
• This caused the people of London to riot and
in August a Civil War broke out.
Identify who the supporters of the
king were and what were they called.
• Cavaliers
• Anglicans and Catholics
• Most members of the
House of Lords.
• Aristocrats and some
members of the House
of Commons.
Identify who supported Parliament
and what was their name.
• Puritans
• Middle-class
townspeople who
resented the King’s
arrogance and high
sending.
• Roundheads – Puritans
who cut their hair short.
Civil War lasted from 1642 - 1648
Oliver Cromwell became the general
for the Roundheads
• He defeated the kings
forces between 16441648.
• In 1648 he brought the
king to trial.
• In early 1649 Charles I
was beheaded.
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Cromwell started a new government
called the Commonwealth. How did
Cromwell bring order to England?
• His army crushed an
uprising among Catholics
in Ireland.
• He then forced Catholic
landowners to turnover
their estates to Protestant
English settlers.
• He promised protection
of all English Protestants.
• He also reopened
England’s doors to Jews,
who had been banned for
almost four centuries.
Restoration
• The period
(1660 – 1685) following
the English Civil War,
during which Charles II
reigned in England.
What problems faced Charles II when
he became king in 1660?
• England had serious division among Catholics,
Anglicans, and other Protestants.
• Charles urged more tolerant policies than
Parliament was willing to grant.
• The last four years of his reign he did not call a
meeting of Parliament.
Glorious Revolution
• 1685 James II became
King – He was Catholic.
• Parliament was afraid
that his son would be
raised Catholic.
• So Parliament offered
the Crown jointly to
Mary, James daughter
and her husband
William who were
Protestant.
Why were the English people happy to
see the Glorious Revolution?
• It was a peaceful
passing of the crown.
In what way was the Glorious
Revolution a victory for Parliament?
• It was a major step in
establishing
Parliament’s supremacy
over the English
Monarch.
What effects did the English Bill of
Rights have on the monarch?
• The laws make the Crown dependent on Parliaments
support.
• Without the approval of Parliament, the monarch
could not…
– Make or cancel laws.
– Set taxes.
– Raise an army during peacetime.
• The Monarch was forbidden to interfere with
freedom of speech in the Houses of Parliament.
• It strengthen the rights of the individual, outlawing
excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment
for crimes.
Objectives
• Explain how the English Civil War led to the
rise of the Commonwealth.
• People did not want a monarch
• List the causes and results of the Glorious
Revolution.
• James was non-violently replaced with Mary
and William…Results English Bill of Rights
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
Restoration
Charles II rules
Petition of Rights
No taxes/ not forced to shelter army
People
•
•
•
•
•
•
Oliver Cromwell
Ruled commonwealth/ not liked by Catholics
Charles I
Son of James/ signed petition of rights
Charles II
Rules during the Restoration
Cromwell, Restoration, and the
Glorious Revolution