Bacteria
Kingdom: Moneran(Eubacteria)
Kingdom: Archaea
Characteristics:
• Single Celled Organisms- but can arrange
in groups
Characteristics, con’t
• No membrane bound organelles
• DNA is circular
• Have cell walls and cell membrane
Characteristics, con’t.
• Some photosynthesize, some don’t
Characteristics, con’t.
• Some have a capsule – for attachment
Characteristics, con’t
• Some have cilia – short hair-like structures
for movement
• Some have flagella – whip-like structure
for movement
Can be classified by oxygen needs
• Aerobes – MUST have oxygen to live
• Anaerobe – can live without oxygen
aerobic soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens.
Anerobic -Salmonella typhi
Bacteria Shapes
• Cocci-round/sphere
• Bacilli – rods
• Spirilla – spiral/corkscrew
Bacteria Reproduction
• Asexual by binary fission
• Sexual – pili then fission (conjugation)
Two types of bacteria
• Eubacteria (true bacteria
– Bad Eubacteria
• Pathogens – cause disease
• Produce Toxins- poisons produced by bacterial
– Botulism – extreme food poisoning
Wound botulism of compound fracture of right arm
Bad Eubacteria, con’t
• Endospores – thick wall that allows
bacteria to survive hundreds of years or
more
Good Eubacteria Bacteria
• Saprophytes – uses dead material as food
Bacteria breakdown sewage
Good Eubacteria Bacteria, con’t
• Live in or on body, kill bad bacteria
Good Eubacteria Bacteria, con’t
• Nitrogen fixing bacteria – captures
nitrogen in the air so plants and animals
can use it
Good Eubacteria Bacteria, con’t
• Cyanobacteria
– Producers – make own food(photosynthesize)
– Are green/blue; may be yellow, black/red (Red Sea)
– May live in colonies
– Cause Blooms
Archeobacteria
• Existed for billions of years
• Found in extreme conditions
– Thermophiles
– Acidophiles
– Halophiles
Pasteurization
• Heating food to kill bacteria – then cooled
quickly.
• Developed by Louis Pasteur