SWALLOW REFLEX
LUNGS
GAG REFLEX
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
OCULOMOTOR NERVE III- Pupil Constriction
Pupil constriction is the automatic contraction of the pupil. It is done
via the oculomotor nerve and sphincter muscle of the iris in
response to stimuli such as a bright light shined onto the eye.
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
OCULOMOTOR NERVE III- Pupil Accommodation
Pupil accommodation is when contraction of the ciliary muscles
change the eye's focal distance, making near or far images come
into focus on the retina of the eye.
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
FACIAL NERVE VII- Lacrimal Gland
The Facial nerve innervates the Lacrimal gland into producing a
moistening fluid for the surface of the eyes. This serves a double
function as lubricant and protection, as tears contain lysosomes that
are capable of destroying foreign bodies and bacteria.
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
FACIAL NERVE VII- Corneal Reflex
When the cornea is touched by a foreign object, the eye lids close.
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
FACIAL NERVE VII- Olfactory Bowman's Glands
Bowman's glands, otherwise known as the olfactory gland is
positioned in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. It produces
mucus that moistens and lubricates the olfactory epithelium.
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
FACIAL NERVE VII- Submandibular and Sublingual Glands
The Submandibular and Sublingual glands control the release of
saliva into the mouth. The former is responsible for producing up to
65 percent of saliva, while the latter is responsible for producing only
up to 5 percent. The Facial nerve innervates both glands.
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE IX- Parotid Gland
The pair of Parotid glands in the human face are innervated by the Glossopharyngeal nerve,
and are responsible for producing the saliva that ends up in the mouth aiding in mastication
and food digestion.
Swallow reflex initiates by Glossopharyngeal nerve to close the larynx when food touch the
entrance of the pharynx.
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
VAGUS NERVE X- Overview
The Vagus nerve travels from the brain stem down to the abdomen.
It is responsible for a variety of important involuntary body functions
ranging from maintenance of the heart rate to food digestion.
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
VAGUS NERVE X- The Heart
The Vagus nerve acts to lower the heart rate through the sinoatrial or
SA node. By parasympathetic innervation, the Vagus nerve causes
acetylcholine to be released.
PARASYMPATHETIC CRANIAL NERVES
VAGUS NERVE X- From the lung to the digestive system
The Vagus nerve innervates the smooth muscle of the lung, responsible for
bronchoconstriction and secretion of mucus. Vagus nerve innervates the digestive system,
responsible for gag reflex, increased peristalsis, glycogen synthesis in the liver. The Vagus
nerve also innervates the kidneys, and thus urination.
References
Lundy-Ekman, L. (2007). Neuroscience: Fundamentals of Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
http://www.medilifenet.com/photo/hn016
http://dc349.4shared.com/doc/wvzlE70U/preview_html_7c75c294.gif
https://classconnechtion.s3.amazonaws.com/857/flashcards/527857/jpg/accomodation1305250857880.jpg
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/lacrimal_gland.gif
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/thesenseofsmell-110929125027-phpapp01/95/the-sense-of-smell-4?cb=1728.jpg317319214
http://img.tfd.com/MosbyMD/parotid_duct.jpg
http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/vagus-nerve-x.jpg?9f6b44
http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/external-innervation-heart-vagus-nerve-visceral-sensory-fibersinterneurons-cardioacceleratory-center-cardioinhibitory-center.jpg
http://img.tfd.com/MosbyMD/vagus_nerve.jpg
http://entallergyandsinus.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/salivary_glands.jpg
http://www.aliem.com/trick-of-the-trade-corneal-reflex-test/
Cranial Nerve Song
King, Pamela. DJLK Production. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lbwshg_Kj4