Life
Warm Up
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Herba= ____________
Bi = _____________
__________ = disease, inflammation
___________ = origin, beginning
What is your hypothesis for the celery lab?
What is the independent variable for the celery
lab?
7. What is the dependent variable for the celery
lab?
8. What are some constants for the celery lab?
ALL LIVING THINGS:
1.
are made of cells.
2.
are based on a universal genetic code (DNA)
3.
obtain and use energy.
4.
grow and develop.
5.
reproduce.
6.
respond to their environment.
7.
adapt to their environment.
Organic vs. Inorganic
All living things contain carbon
• Organic: contains carbon (C), produced or
taken from something living
– Humans
– Plants
– Insects
• Inorganic: not from living, made from rocks
and minerals. One exception-Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
– Water
– Minerals
-Stone
-Metal
Organic Molecules
Organic Molecules
• In order for life to be sustained we must rely on
biochemical processes.
• These processes involve organic molecules
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids
– Nucleic acids
(Organic molecules can be made up of large repeating
units [polymer] or one single unit [monomer])
Polymer
Monomer
Many
Long train of
repeating units
(X-X-X-X)
Larger
One
One unit
(X)
Smaller
Warm Up
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
___________ = head
Ecto/exo= ______________
Define independent variable
Define dependent variable
What is the purpose of a control group?
Tell which molecules are organic: H2O, C2H6O, K,
CO2, CH4
7. Explain the difference between a polymer and a
monomer.
Carbohydrates
• saccharide = [S]-[U]-[G]-[A]-[R]
Monomer(Subunit)
Monosaccharide
Polymer-
Polysaccharide
Made of -
carbon(C), hydrogen(H),
oxygen(O)
Uses/Function – Quick, short-term energy
Ex-
Foods -
Monosaccharide: Glucose
Polysaccharide: Starch,
Glycogen, Cellulose
Breads, pastas, fruits, etc
Lipids
Monomer-
Fatty Acid
PolymerMade of -
DON’T NEED TO KNOW
Mostly Hydrogen and Carbon with very little
Oxygen
Uses/Function – Insulation, Buoyancy, Long term energy
storage
Ex -
Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Cholesterol
Foods -
mayonnaise, butter, greasy & oil foods
Other notes: Lipids
Think: Fats & Oils
•Hydrophobic = ______________
•Meaning: will not dissolve in water
RECALL ROOTS:
•Hydro = ____________
•Phobic = ____________
Other notes: Lipids
Found in our bodies :
• Cell membrane: made up of phospholipids
• Structure of a phospholipid can give us an indication of
its function
HYDROPHILIC HEAD = _________________
HYDROPHOBIC TAIL = _________________
Nucleic Acids
Monomer: Nucleotide
Polymer: DNA & RNA
Made of: A sugar (contains C, H, and O), a
phosphate, and a nitrogen base
Uses/Function: Contains Genetic Information
Examples: DNA & RNA
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monomer: Amino Acids
Polymer: Polypeptides
(Polypeptides fold into proteins)
Bonding = Peptide Bond
(A covalent bond between amino acids)
A.A.
A.A.
A.A.
A.A.
A. A.
Name: Proteins
Made of: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O),
and nitrogen (N)
Uses/Function: Repair, Transport, Cell
structure/integrity
Examples: Enzymes, Insulin, Hemoglobin
Foods: Eggs, Meats, Beans, Nuts
Food Testing for Organic Compounds
• Iodine (Lugol’s): test for starches
(Polysaccharides)
– Positive test: will see a color change
• Biuret’s: test for proteins
– Positive test: will see a color change
• Benedict’s: test for sugar (Mostly
monosaccharides)
– Positive test: will see a color change
• Brown Bag: test for lipids
– Positive test: will see a translucent appearance on
bag
Warm Up
1. What is the polymer for carbohydrates?
2. What is the only organic compound that
contains Phosphate?
3. What types of foods contain lipids?
4. Give an example of a protein.
5. How can you test to see if a food contains
starch?
6. How can you test to see if a food contains
protein?