Political factors,
Mongols and a
philosopher that
affected the history
of China
Ebru Fırat
BU
Aim
While searching for
specific events,
try to understand what
affected the history of
China
Outline
Information about China,
Political decisions of the
Emperor Heifung’s and
Yung Ching’s time,
The Mongols,
Ideas of Confucius,
Chinese
oldest
are
unquestionably
nation
in the
their
world
no
prudent
historian
will
attempt
to give
history
&
period
goes back to
to which
date.
precise
....
feature
about
China
Another
striking & peculiar
that
of the
world
has exercised upon
small
amount
influence
rest
is
it
of
........
They
speak
same social,
political
language
&
observe
customs
that
several
thousand
they
did
Egyptians,
Christian
Assyrians
only living
with
contemporary
before
era
& the Jews.
&
they
representatives
which were
to-day
people &
government
of
years
are
Limits
empire
of the
time
have varied
from
existing
to
time
under
circumstances
proportions.
of
of its
18
more or
less
triumph or
disunion
but
eighteen
has
always
possessed
provinces
Middle Kingdom or
China Proper
of
China Proper
is used broadly
to mean
China
within
eighteen
Great Wall
historic
& with
provinces
Emperor
Heifung
While
great
time
suppression
at the
....
Pekin,...
of
progress
Taeping Rebellion
was in
in
events
emperor
great
of
the
of
interest
plans
and
example
importance
this
for
happened at
city
After
signature
important
of
consequences
which
has
1)...
2)...
3)...
Tientsin,...
of
convention
Treaty
in
ratifying
Pekin
NO!
Emperor Hienfung
his
refused to return
to
capital
and
he
he
Jehol
even seems to
have hoped that
to
Pekin
might transfer
capital
from
P
j
While
Yung Ching
prompt
took
steps
because of
his brothers
to secure himself on
throne,...
some
his
of
brothers
assumed
attitude
hostility
him.
toward
of menacing
Sournima
sent
three
his
of
sons,
palace
laden with
to protest
to
chains
his
innocence
and
devotion,...
but
NO!
they
audience
were refused
and
Sournima
?
E
&
his
family
outskirts
wretchedness
&
of
on
empire.
oblivion
sank into
It
only
when
is
long
independent
courses
China
of
are brought
into
and
proximity
Europe
medieval
by
travelers
&
- $ -
development
commerce
of
&
wars
of
efforts
&
Mongol
conquests
secure
purpose
carried on for
of obtaining
China
position
foreigners
for
in
twelveth&thirteenth
when
centuries
strong
of
empire
Mongol conquests
is
enlarged
Mongols
empire
limits
in
of
Asia, Russia, Europe
China
& also
they
entered
Mongols
employed
immense
their most
formidable
engines
stones
and
catapults
hurled
explosives
combustibles
during
war
with
Kins
and
mortars
ejected
but
12
twelve
months
elapsed
before
walls
courage
were shattered and
and
provisions
defenders
Kaifang.
of
exhausted and finally
Kin
army
lost
K
Although
is
Subutai
who
most daring of
all
Mongol
commanders
whole
wished to
massacre
population
Kaifang
after
surrendered
at
discretion,...
fortunately
Chinese
Ogotai
for
rejected
cruel
proposal
!
under
Yeliu Chutsai’s
advice
more human
more
influential
who
general.
is
in
1232
Mongols
armies
increased
calendar
in
1232
Tuli
K
and
field
Ogotai
attacted
named
generals
Kins
two
with
sides
from
When
main
Kin Army
accepted
battle
town
before
it
was signally
defeated with
loss
of
of
three principal
generals
of
war
Yuchow
and
Ninkiassu
fled from
scene
more
removed from
place
W
W
A
R
Kaifang
to
Tuli
destroyed
everything
along
line
of
his
massacres
and
sacks
worst
march
and
revived
Mongol
traditions
of
ferocity
Although
was
the
of
last
Mangu Khan
rulers
the
Mongol
whose
authority
W
was
recognized
E
the
west
and
the
in
both
east
The
of
death
Mangu
who himself
died of
disease
threatened
fresh
disputes
and
the Mongol
royal
family
among
strife
important
Confucius
is
philosopher
of
China
so
in
and also be
governing
knowledgeable
virtuous
respectful
humanistic
honest
sincere
who
advices
people
to be
References
1. Boulger, Demetrius Charles.
China
To:PRED
Assyria
empire
is
which
Christian
Mesopotamia
and gained
in
was set up
era
before
power
after
2000 BC
great
& became
empire
Although
early
history
of
China
is
devoid
last
of
world,...
of
for
interest
CHINA
conquests
of
Mongols,
world.
efforts
of
medieval
of
travelers,
last
with
development
of
proximity
commerce,
- $ -
and
wars
brought into