SPAN 186 - CLASS 3
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SPAN 186 - 2
Resumiendo ...
• Accent: sounds
• Dialect: sounds, grammar, vocabulary
• Language: sounds, grammar, vocabulary
– (just more of it?) -> history, politics, society
• Mutual intelligibility doesn´t always work
– Dialects difficult to understand / languages easy
186-2 NOTION OF STANDARD
3/15
• What is the norm?
• What is a standard?
• Is any variety “better” than another?
• Why are there different Romance dialects /
languages?
Maps of romance languages: to the overhead please !
186- 2
Language change
5/15
• Is language change “bad”?
• Change is inherent in the notion of variety
• Change is not just physiological (other
elements: fashion, social factors)
• Historical depth
> can’t predict: “some do and some don’t”
186- 2
Linguistics 101
6/15
• Prescriptivism vs descriptivism
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Phonetics: articulation and perception of speech sounds
Phonology: the patterning of speech sounds
Morphology: word formation
Syntax: sentence formation
Semantics: interpretation of words and sentences
• Language change
• Language acquisition (generation to generation)
186- 2 Internal grammar
a) prasp
b) flib
c) traf
i) trosta
ii) esparto
iii) moña
d) *psapr
e) *bfli
f) *ftra
iv) *trost
v) *sparto
vi) *ñoma
7/15
Pronounce them for me and tell me which are
possible words of English/Spanish and why?
186-2
a)
b)
c)
hunted
slipped
buzzed
d)
e)
f)
g)
pint
fiend
wronged
glimpse
Internal grammar
bis
8/15
what about flib?
*paynk
*fiemp
*wrongv
*glimpk
i) ancla
ii) empeorar
iii) antaño
iv) *amcla
v) *enpeorar
vi) *amtaño
Pronounce them for me and tell me which are possible words
of English / Spanish and why?
Survival versus speech
Organ
Survival function
Speech function
Lungs
Exchange CO2, O
Supply air for speech
Vocal folds
Create sealed over
passage to lungs
Produce voice for speech sounds
TongueMove food to teeth Articulate vowels and consonants
& back to throat
Teeth
Break up food
Provide place of articulation for C’s
Lips
Seal oral cavity
Articulate vowels and consonants
Nasal cavities Breathing
Provide nasal resonance
Overhead of speech production
Revision of phonetics / phonology
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•
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Difference between phoneme / allophone
Nasal / stop
Voiced / voiceless
Fricative / affricate
Feature in common /I/ and /i/
Features in common /k/ and /g/
Write the appropriate phonetic symbol for each:
–
–
–
–
–
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Voiced alveolar stop
Bilabial nasal
Lax high back vowel
Low front vowel
Voiceless alveopalatal affricate
Voiced velar fricative