Bell Ringer
Archipelago, Mountains,
Describe
the
Ring
of Fire, Fishing
industry
geography
of Japan
The philosophers
are from
Where are
the
Ancient Greece
philosophers Aristotle,
Plato and Socrates
from?
Christianity
Islam
Name
Judaism
three
monotheistic religions
Alexander
the of
Great
The
spread
Hellenistic
Culture is credited to
whom?
(Hellenistic: blend Greek, Egyptian,
Persian and Indian cultures)
English Reformation
Protestant movement moves into
England
Review
The Middle Ages of Europe gave way to the
intellectual movement known as Humanism.
Humanism and a sense of inquiry (questioning)
created the Renaissance, and revived interest in
the Classical works of Ancient Greece and Rome.
Renaissance artists used perspective and classical
skills to create life like paintings and sculptures.
Reformation
The Renaissance also resulted in
questions about the Catholic Church and
its authority.
Many people saw the Catholic church as
corrupt as the clergy used church funds
on worldly pleasures and activities.
Reformers like Luther were also frustrated
with the selling of indulgences, which
have no basis in the Bible.
Calvin and Luther founded new Christian
sects and stressed that Salvation was
through Faith alone.
Protestants spread
The use of the printing press allowed the
ideas of Luther and John Calvin to spread
quickly.
Protestants joined several sects, but all were
“protesting” against the corrupt Catholic
church.
The Protestants controlled most of Northern
Europe, while the Roman Catholics kept
control of the West and South.
English Reformation
The English Reformation is led by King Henry VIII.
Unlike Luther and Calvin, King Henry wished to end
the Pope’s control over the English Church. He was
not motivated by religious morality.
The English king
wanted to establish
the English Monarchy
as the head of the
English church.
MonarchyGovernment led
by a king or queen
King Henry VIII
King Henry VIII was married to Catherine of
Aragon for 18 years, but only had one surviving
daughter, Mary Tudor.
Henry wanted a son to succeed him to the
throne (an example of a Dynasty).
Henry and Catherine married through the
Catholic Church, which does not allow for
divorce. So Henry asked the pope to annul, or
cancel, his marriage.
AnnulDeclare invalid or
void. cancel
Henry’s Annulment
The pope refused to annul, or cancel, Henry
and Catherine’s marriage.
Catherine’s nephew was the Holy Roman
Emperor, and the pope was scared to anger
him.
Henry was outraged and fought back,
beginning the reformation of the English
church.
Henry VIII’s Reformation
Henry passed a series of laws that made him
the head of the English Church.
He appointed an archbishop of his choosing
who agreed to annul the wedding to
Catherine.
The English Monarch is established as the head
of the English church, which is renamed the
Anglican Church
Henry doesn’t make many changes to worship,
just who is in charge.
Religious Turmoil
After Henry VIII dies, his son Edward I takes the
throne. Edward is only 10, and relies on the advice of
his father’s many advisors.
These advisors tell Edward to push for more
Protestant reforms, which angers the Catholic leaning
English people.
England is torn apart by religious fighting as the King
pushes through reforms against his people’s wishes.
When Edward dies at 16 England is in religious
turmoil.
Bell Ringer
belief in nature
spirits
A Asimilarity
between
Shinto and Animism
is…
China
Where
did civil service
exams, gunpowder
and the compass
come from?
What civilization is
Ancient Rome
associated with
domination of the
Mediterranean sea and
the Twelve Tables?
Loyalty and service is
exchanged for land and
Feudal systems are the
protection
exchange of what?
King Henry’s six wives
After divorcing Catherine of Aragon, Henry weds Anne
Boleyn, Catherine's lady in waiting (maid)
Anne Boleyn becomes pregnant but the child is
miscarried. She is unable to give him an heir so he charges
her with adultery, and beheads her.
Henry’s next wife, Jane Seymour, provides him with an
heir, named Edward. Jane dies from complications with
the birth and Henry mourns for three years.
He next marries Anne from Germany, but finds her
unattractive and divorces her. Then marries the very
young Catherine Howard, who began cheating on him.
Catherine was beheaded for her crimes.
Henry’s last wife was Catherine Parr, and after attempting
to ban all books, she was kept under close watch.
Mary Tudor
After Henry VIII the Protestant reformation was
carried on by his young son Edward.
Edward angered many of the Catholics left in
England by pushing many changes within the
English Church.
Mary Tudor, the daughter of Henry’s first wife,
took the throne.
Mary was a devout Catholic and began
persecuting the protestants. This made her
terribly unpopular and she feared she would lose
the throne.
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth was Mary’s half sister, and was
locked away for many years due to Mary’s
paranoia.
When Mary died, Elizabeth took over the
throne. She was a very skilled leader and
created a religious compromise between
the Catholics and Protestants.
Elizabeth’s compromise
1) Adopted English for Anglican
ceremonies
2) Allowed the Clergy to keep fancy
robes
3) Kept the Book of Common
prayer, with prayers and rules
for Anglicans.
Despite the compromises, Elizabeth
kept the monarch at the head of the
Anglican Church.
The Terrible Tudors
The Tudor dynasty is full of corruption, bad
deeds and religious turmoil. As such, many
refer to them as the Terrible Tudors.
King Henry VIII: Founded the Anglican Church
because he wasn’t granted an annulment
(divorce)
King Edward: Ruled England at a young age
and was influenced by advisors instead of his
people
Queen Mary Tudor: Re-affirmed Catholic
values and punished protestant Anglicans
Queen Elizabeth I: Reached a compromise in
the English church, established a stable
Anglican Church with the Monarchy in charge
Bell Ringer
What
did
Henry
He took
overKing
the English
church
VIII do to get an
annulment?
China and Japan
Korea is the cultural
bridge between what
two nations?
Anglican Church
King Henry’s church was
called the
Regain the holy land
What did the crusaders
hope to accomplish?
Catholic Reform
Concerned about the number of converts from
Catholicism to Protestantism, Pope Paul III began
reform within the Catholic church
He organized the Council of Trent (1545-1565) to
establish catholic practices and reforms:
1) Salvation through faith AND good Deeds
2) Bible is one but not the ONLY source of
religious truth
3) Began punishing corrupt and worldly clergy
The Inquisition
The Inquisition began in Spain, but was
adopted by the Catholic Church to track
down heresies (people who challenged the
Church)
The Inquisition used secret testimonies,
tortures and even execution to get rid of
these dissenters.
The Inquisition resulted in a number
new torture methods and witch hunts.
Witch Hunts
AS the search for heresies continued the people
began turning out witches. Most witches were
poor peasants, herbalists or even beggars.
The witch hunts are seen as a way of
scapegoating. In a time when the political
atmosphere was in turmoil, the people became
untrusting and looked to blame someone.
Law and Order
Law and order prior to the establishment of
parliament in England was often done by Ordeal.
Trials were conducted and those pleading not-guilty
had to go through an ordeal. Most of these ordeals
looked for intervention by God to prove innocence.
Ignatius of Loyola
Ignatius founded a new Catholic order known as
the Jesuits.
Ignatius and his followers followed strict
discipline and were morally and spiritually
devout.
Jesuits had to undergo intense training and were
completely obedient to the church. They
travelled throughout Europe pushing Catholic
reform and converting Christians back to
Catholicism
Saint Teresa of Avila
Teresa was the daughter of rich merchants.
She joined a convent of nuns at a young age,
but was disappointed by the lack of order and
religious devotion.
Teresa founded her own convent, stressing
prayer and religious duty over all else. The
nuns in her new convent ate little and slept
rarely.
As news of her strict convent spread, the
Catholic church asked her to reform other
convents and monasteries
Results
The Catholic reformation had several important
results:
1) Stopped the rapid spread of the Protestant
Religion
2) Returned the church to devout piety
3) Europe remained divided between Protestants
in the North and Catholics in the South
4) Hundreds of thousands were killed by
inquisition, religious attacks and witch hunts.
New protestant sects:
Anglican
Calvinists
Lutherans
DevoutHaving deep religious
feelings and commitment
Causes and Effects
Long-term
Causes
Immediate
Causes
Roman Catholic
Church
becomes more
worldly
The selling of
indulgences
causes Martin
Luther to post
the 95 Theses
Printing press
spreads the 95
Theses and the
German
language Bible
Immediate
effects
Founding of
Protestant Lutheran,
Reformation Calvinist,
Anglican,
Presbyterian
Time of change and other
and questioning Protestant
the Roman
Churches
Catholic Church
Long-term
effects
Roman Catholic
Churches launch
reforms
Inquisition
tracks down
heresies