Political Corruption in the Gilded Age
Bell Work: Please respond to the
scenario below in your notebook
 A company wants a road fixed in front of their business
because its terrible condition is costing them customers, but
getting the repairs approved by the city and finding the
money for the project could take years. There are many other
roads that need to be fixed in the city. The mayor goes to the
business owner and offers to fix the road immediately but only
if the owner agrees to vote for him and to donate heavily to his
campaign in the next election.
 Is there anything wrong with this arrangement? Why or why not?
Vocabulary
 Political bosses political leaders who got people to vote
for them by giving favors. They also made deals with
contractors.
 Political Machine: The ring of people who made deals
and got votes for the political boss.
 Graft: To get money or political power through illegal or
dishonest methods.
Tammany Hall in New York
 Who is the political boss and what does he do to get votes?
 What work does the ‘political machine’ do to support the boss?
 What are 2 examples of “Graft” from the film?
Rise of the Political Cartoon
Late 1800s
 Thomas Nast – artist
 Favorite Subject- William
Tweed (a.k.a. “Boss” Tweed)
"Stop them damned pictures. I
don't care what the papers
write about me.
My constituents can't read. But,
damn it, they can see
pictures.”
–Boss Tweed
Boss Tweed. “As long as I count the Votes,
what are you going to do about it?”
The Real “Boss Tweed”
 What office
did he hold?
 How would
you
describe his
actions in
office?
 How did the
people who
lived in New
York react
to Tweed’s
actions?
 What
happens to
Tweed?
Directions
 Read the 4 quotes.
 Using the quotes and info from the clips create a list of
the Pros and Cons of the ‘Political Machine’ on the back
of your worksheet.
 Then answer the final question.
Exit Slip:
Analyze with LIE
The Progressives
ABSENT? Check the absent box and find out what you missed…..
Bell Work
 Discuss your answer to the “Final Question”
(Wednesday’s assignment) with a partner:
 Final Question:
Do the benefits of the ‘Political Machine’ outweigh the
costs? In other words should it be destroyed or left alone?
Why destroy it or why leave it? Lastly, do you believe there
is a ‘Political Machine’ today?
**after discussion you will hand in this worksheet
Vocabulary
 Urbanization: The movement of people from the country to the
city, caused by industrialization and created many problems.
 Progressive Movement: Reform movement in the early 1900s
that wanted to end the corruption in politics and business,
better the lives of the poor, protect natural resources and
improve American morality.
 Theodore Roosevelt: US President from 1901-1909, believed
that the President was a "steward of the people” and should
take whatever action necessary for the public good unless
expressly forbidden by law or the Constitution.
Progressive Movement
Characteristics
 Strongest from 1901-1916
 Mostly middle class members
 Main goal is to change the relationship between government
and society, (they want government more involved)
 Protect the rights of organized labor, women, blacks, and
consumers in general.
 Members were both Republicans and Democrats
Goal 1: End Government Corruption
Destroy the Political Machine by…
 Giving the people more power:
 Initiative: Voters can introduce legislation by signing a
petition, it is then put on the ballot for public approval
 Referendum: Voters can force government to put a recently
passed law onto the ballot for approval or a veto by the
people
 Recall: Allows voters to try and remove an elected official
through a special election if enough people sign a petition
 Creating rules for hiring:
 Merit System: Hire people for government positions based on skills
and abilities not the personal preferences of elected officials
Goal 2:
End Business
Corruption
 Theodore Roosevelt campaigns for
the Presidency on the “Square
Deal”
 "Let the watchwords of all our people be the old familiar
watchwords of honesty, decency, fair-dealing, and
commonsense."... "We must treat each man on his worth and
merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal,
because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less." The
welfare of each of us is dependent fundamentally upon the
welfare of all of us."
- New York State Fair, Syracuse, September 7, 1903
Goal 2: End Business Corruption
Roosevelt is elected
1904
Tells Attorney General to
sue a railroad shipping
monopoly under 1890
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
 Illegal to monopolize market
1904 Supreme Court
orders monopoly
dissolved
“We don’t wish to destroy
corporations, but we do wish
to make them serve the public
good.”
Goal 2
Continued
Roosevelt’s “Trust
Busting” Campaign
 44 more lawsuits filed
 Size didn’t matter – Good or
Bad for public good
 “We draw the line against
misconduct, not against
wealth”
Sword Says: Public Service
Goal 3: Protecting Natural Resources
 Complete destruction of the natural environment at the
time for profit
Goal 3: Protecting Natural Resources
Roosevelt to the
rescue again:
Creates 5 National
Parks
 Mesa Verde National
Park etc.
Antiquities Act 1906
President can create
National Monuments
 18 during presidency
(Devils Tower etc)
Goal 4: Improve the lives of the Poor
 Describe
the living
conditions
in the
tenements.
 How did
Jacob Riis
try to
combat
poor living
conditions?
 How does
Colonel
George
Waring
affect the
lives of all
New
Yorkers?
Teddy Roosevelt and Reforms
Textbook and Worksheet Day
Bell Work
 The Progressive Movement pursued reforms in 5 Areas. We
discussed 4 Friday. Copy the graphic organizer below and use
it to describe the goals and actions of the progressive
movement as we discussed Friday. USE YOUR NOTES
Directions
 Quotes: We will read them together and discuss q’s #1-6
 Rest of the hour for Terms
 Terms: Use the textbook to answer #1-13 (dictionary, glossary, chp 19.)
 #12 should read: City manager form of government (p573):
 Add #13 = The Wisconsin Idea:
*Due Wednesday
Pure Food and Drug Act
Bad Medicine
Bad Food
Bell Work:
What does this
Could
a
advertisement
claim?
company
use
this
Is this a
advertisement
believable
claim?
today?
Explain…
Progressive Era Timeline
1850
2nd Industrial
Revolution
Begins
1904
SC Trust
Bust
1906
Pure food
and drug
Act,
16th
/17th
1913
____
amendment,
Underwood Simmons
Tariff, Federal Reserve
Act
Meat
Inspection
Act,
____
1919
Prohibition
____
1914
FTC created,
Clayton Anti
Trust Act
____
1920
19th
Amendment
1901-1909
Theodore Roosevelt
is President
[----------------------------------------------------------]
1872
Late 1800s-1920s
Boss
Tweed
arrested
Progressive Movement
Strongest from 1901-1916
______
1903
_____
Direct Primary
in WI
____
1910
Secret
Ballot
________
1912
Initiative,
Referendum
Recall
1917
US Enters
WWI
Bad Medicine…
 Cure everything health tonics
 Contained dangerous drugs – alcohol, morphine, cocaine
“Gullible America will spend this year
some seventy-five million dollars in
the purchase of patent [over the
counter] medicines… it will swallow
huge quantities of alcohol, an
appalling amount of opiate sand
narcotics.”
- 1904 Journalist Samuel Hopkins
Adams
Secret Ingredient??? Cocaine…
Vocabulary
 Muckraker: Investigative journalists who wrote about
corruption in business and politics, hoping to bring about
reform
 Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 Law that stopped the
manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and
patented medicine containing harmful ingredients; also
required food and medicine containers to carry
ingredient labels.
 Meat Inspection Act: 1906 Federal law that required
government inspection of meat shipped across state
lines.
Change in the food industry
Local food production
to mass production of
food
Bell Work: Please add the filled in boxes to your timeline and
*HAND in the text assignment from Monday*
1850
2nd Industrial
Revolution
Begins
1904
SC Trust
Bust
1906
Pure food
and drug
Act,
16th
/17th
1913
____
amendment,
Underwood Simmons
Tariff, Federal Reserve
Act
Meat
Inspection
Act,
____
1919
Prohibition
____
1914
FTC created,
Clayton Anti
Trust Act
____
1920
19th
Amendment
1901-1909
Theodore Roosevelt
is President
[----------------------------------------------------------]
1872
Late 1800s-1920s
Boss
Tweed
arrested
Progressive Movement
Strongest from 1901-1916
______
1903
_____
Direct Primary
in WI
____
1910
Secret
Ballot
________
1912
Initiative,
Referendum
Recall
1917
US Enters
WWI
Upton Sinclair “The Jungle”
Prepare to Discuss
1. 3 Examples of the experience of workers at the
slaughterhouse
2. 3 Examples of the level of quality of food being
produced
3. 2 Examples of the company’s interaction with
customers
4. 3 Examples of information you found to be the most
disturbing
Agenda
 Hand back papers
 Change in Test Date*
 Discuss “Jungle”
 Work time or begin “Modern Issues”
 Finish assignment that is due today or Test Corrections that
are due tomorrow
Quick Write
Using all we have learned in the past few
weeks:
 Explain 5 reasons (total) why the public, Roosevelt, and
other government officials wanted to regulate trusts
and the food and drug industries.
Modern Food Issues
Bell Work: please discuss this prompt
with someone near you, you do not
need to write anything down.
 What problems have you heard of regarding the food
we eat today?
Directions: is there anything wrong with this
practice? Why or why not? How does it
compare to the account in the Jungle?
 ABC Newscast: 3/09/2102
Agenda
 Correct Text Assignment
 Finish Food Inc.
#1-13 Controlling Trusts
1.
Sixteenth Amendment: Constitutional Amendment that allowed congress to collect an income
tax
b)
2.
Seventeenth Amendment: Gave voters the power to directly elect senators
b)
3.
Women at the time tended to support more laws that controlled business
Meat Inspection Act: Federal government can inspect meat sold across state lines
b)
7.
Railroads can’t just set any price they want, the federal government can regulate and oversee
business.
Nineteenth Amendment: Women get the right to vote
b)
6.
Allowed the federal government to investigate how companies made products and made sure
they were safe. Kept business honest.
Hepburn Act: Gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to set railroad rates and
regulate commerce that occurred across state lines.
b)
5.
Prior to the 17th amendment, senators were chosen by those elected to state government often
senators were chosen through the political machine. The 17th amendment gave more power to the
people and removed an opportunity for corruption.
Pure Food and Drug Act: Stopped the manufacture, transportation, and sale of food or
medicine that contained harmful ingredients and required ingredient labels
b)
4.
Slowed the mad rush for increased profits, the government would collect money from you and
know how much money you made. The public became aware of the money gap.
Business has to sell clean food, the government is watching
Underwood-Simmons Tariff: decreased tariffs on certain imported goods and created a
progressive income tax.
b)
With tariffs decreased it eliminated special protection for certain industries, evening the playing
field
#1-13 Controlling Trusts
8.
Federal Trade Commission: commission with the power to investigate
corporations and to try to keep them from conducting unfair practices
b)
9.
Gave the federal government a ‘watchdog’ over big business
Clayton Anti Trust Act: strengthened the Sherman-Anti Trust Act
b)
Increased power of federal government to break up trusts
10. Federal Reserve Act: created a national banking system
b)
Strengthened government control over powerful banking interests
11. Direct Primaries: the people have the power to nominate candidates to run
in a general election
b)
The political machine can no longer choose a candidate to run
12. City Manager form of government: using special commissions of people who
are experts in their field to deal with particular problems rather than putting
party loyalists onto special committees
b)
Removes the political machine from special projects so they can’t support special
business interests.
13. The Wisconsin Idea: the belief that the people should be in control of
government not special business interests and that government should
regulate public utilities
b)
Took more power away from the political machine and businesses that wanted to
bribe politicians and gave it to the people
Food Inc.
Watch
 What issues does each segment show you about today’s
food industry?
 Main Idea and Examples
Discuss
 The issues.
 Why do these issues exist?
 Solutions?
Write – The Jungle v. Food Inc.
 Although 100 years separate these two accounts, there are
striking similarities. However, there are also differences. In a
well constructed paragraph, describe these differences and
similarities between the account in the Jungle and the
modern issues in the food industry.
 In your opinion should the issues of the modern food industry
shown in these 5 segments be solved? How? Why or why
not?
Social Reform Intro
Bell Work: Use your notes from the
video and reading.
Hand in when finished
Write – The Jungle v. Food Inc.
 Although 100 years separate these two accounts,
there are striking similarities. However, there are
also differences. In a well constructed paragraph,
describe these differences and similarities between
the account in the Jungle and the modern issues
in the food industry.
 In your opinion should the issues of the modern
food industry shown in these 5 segments be
solved? How? Why or why not?
Bell Work: please write this in your
notebook
 What is one problem you believe exists in our society
today?
 Why is it a problem?
 How would you solve it if you could?
Agenda
- Hand back papers
-#1 on Text Assignment
- Social Reform
Please add the filled in boxes to your timeline
1850
2nd Industrial
Revolution
Begins
1904
SC Trust
Bust
1906
Pure food
and drug
Act,
16th
/17th
1913
____
amendment,
Underwood Simmons
Tariff, Federal Reserve
Act
Meat
Inspection
Act,
1919
Prohibition
____
1914
FTC created,
Clayton Anti
Trust Act
____
1920
19th
Amendment
1901-1909
Theodore Roosevelt
is President
[----------------------------------------------------------]
1872
Late 1800s-1920s
Boss
Tweed
arrested
Progressive Movement
Strongest from 1901-1916
1890
Jacob Riis and
photos of poor
Settlement
Houses
1903
_____
Direct Primary
in WI
____
1910
Secret
Ballot
________
1912
Initiative,
Referendum
Recall
1917
US Enters
WWI
Rd. pages 503-504
1. What was the Social Gospel movement?
2. How did Settlement Houses reflect the ideas of the Social
Gospel movement?
1. Describe the people who worked in Settlement Houses
The Unfinished Nation: The Progressive
Era
 Based on this video, how do you think immigrants at the turn
of the century viewed social reformers like Jane Addams?
 http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/2896
D817-E30F-4BAF-81BA-E1715908509F
Student Survey
Mrs. V’s Grade:
This is anonymous so feel free to give constructive criticism.
1. After considering Mrs. V’s performance so far, I would give her
an:
A
B
C
D
F
2. Some things Mrs. V does well are:
3. Some things Mrs. V could improve on or that I would like to see
changed are:
4. One item I would like your help with is how to curb late work, in
this class alone, for this quarter, there are 51 late assignments.
What suggestions do you have for improving this turn in rate?
Social Reform Activity
Bell Work: Discuss with someone
near you…
 Can it ever be helpful to try to change someone or is it always
just judgmental?
 When is it helpful? When is it judgmental?
 Has anyone ever tried to change you?
 How did you respond?
 Were you thankful? Offended?
 Did you change?
Activity: What were the attitudes of
Progressive social reformers towards
immigrants?
 Split: Groups of 4 people and then Teams A and B:
 Team A: Argues that progressive social reformers were generous and
helpful.
 Team B: Argues that Progressive social reformers were condescending
and judgmental.
 DIRECTIONS:
 20 minutes: read the documents with partner
 3pieces of evidence to support your side.
 5 minutes: Team A presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!!
 Team B writes down Team A’s arguments and then repeats them back
to Team A.
 5 minutes: Team B presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!!
 Team A write down arguments of Team B and then repeats them back
to Team B.
 5 minutes Your Group of 4 attempts to develop a consensus.
1st hr Groups and Teams
 Group 1
 Team A: Vullnet, Paris
 Team B: Kelsey, Wa
 Group 2
 Team A: Joe, Martha
 Team B: Jon, Paige
 Group 3
 Team A: Nic, Pa Ying
 Team B: Jason, Amanda
 Group 4
 Team A: Brandon, Rebecca
 Team B: William, Michael
4th hr Groups and Teams
 Group 1
 Team A: Jordan, Zach
 Team B: Saul, Nate
 Group 2
 Team A: Brandon, Summer
 Team B: Jake, Jessica
 Group 3
 Team A: Emerson, Adam H
 Team B: Caleb, Annie
 Group 4
 Team A: Karson, Danielle
 Team B: Jazmin Gao Sheng
 Group 5
 Team A: Grunow, Corina
 Team B: Aaron, Hannah
 Group 6
 Team A: Cory, Kong Mong
 Team B: Hunter, Austin
 Group 7
 Team A: Emily, Bee, Kelly
 Team B: Adam A, Jenny
 Group 8
 Team A: Adam S, Gerson,
 Team B: Marcel, Weston
6th hr Groups and Teams
 Group 1
 Team A: Jacob, Riana
 Team B: Evan, Austin
 Group 2
 Team A: Anthony, Cassidy, Kalie
 Team B: Anna B, Liz, Morgan
 Group 3
 Team A: Sandra, Anna M
 Team B: Chong, Kierstin
 Group 4
 Team A: Quentim, Taylor, Vanessa
 Team B: Ben, Kaitlyn, Sam
Election Changes
Ending corruption
Women’s Suffrage
Bell Work: LIE
Sign Says: “Rally, Political, Meeting”
Consider
 What do you see here?
 What year do you think
this is?
 How do you think the
public responded?
Please add the filled in boxes to your timeline
1850
2nd Industrial
Revolution
Begins
1904
SC Trust
Bust
1906
Pure food
and drug
Act,
Meat
Inspection
Act,
Hepburn
Act
16th
/17th
1913
amendment,
Underwood Simmons
Tariff, Federal Reserve
Act
1914
FTC created,
Clayton Anti
Trust Act
1901-1909
Theodore Roosevelt
is President
1919
Prohibition
1920
19th
Amendment =
women right to
vote
[----------------------------------------------------------]
1872
Late 1800s-1920s
Boss
Tweed
arrested
1890
1890
Jacob
Riis and
Jacob Riis
and
photos
of poor
photos of poor
Settlement
Houses
Progressive Movement
Strongest from 1901-1916
1903
Direct Primary
in WI
1910
Secret
Ballot
1912
Initiative,
Referendum
Recall
1917
US Enters
WWI
The American Woman Suffrage
Movement
1848-1920
The Right to vote=
Suffrage = Enfranchisement
= Franchise
Seneca Falls, NY 1848
 In early 1800s, women involved in abolition and
temperance movements
 Get a taste for being active in politics/change
 Realize that to have a real impact they need the
vote
 Group of men and women gather in Seneca
Falls, NY in 1848
 Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
 Write Declaration of Sentiments
Declaration of Sentiments
1. What were 3 things they complained
about?
2. Are you surprised by any of the grievances?
3. Do any of the grievances seem like they’re
still true today?
4. Why did the women at Seneca Falls choose
to copy the Declaration of Independence?
Fifteenth Amendment, 1871
 Grants African-American men
the right to vote but not
women
 African Americans split over
whether men should get the
vote before women
Frederick Douglass, 1869
 “When women, because they are
women, . . .are dragged from their
houses and hung upon lamp posts;
when their children are torn from their
arms, and their brains dashed upon the
pavement . . . then they will have an
urgency to obtain the ballot equal to our
own.”
 But was this not true for the black
woman?
 “Yes, yes, yes. It is true for the black
woman but not because she is a woman
but because she is black!”
Sojourner Truth, 1869
“There is a great stir
about colored men
getting their rights, but
not a word about the
colored women . . .
And if colored men get
their rights, and not
colored women theirs,
you see the colored
men will be masters
over the women, and it
will be just as bad as it
was before.”
Women’s suffrage in 1890
Women’s suffrage in 1890
 National American Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA)
 Leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Two main strategies:
1. Try to win suffrage state-by-state
2. Try to pass a Constitutional Amendment
(would need to be ratified by 36 states--or
three-fourths)
Level of support depends on the state
Western states were more open
than Eastern
 Sparsely populated so women’s suffrage would
give them a larger voice
 Less tied to tradition
Susan B. Anthony
She tried several
times to introduce
an Amendment
bill in the late
1800s, but it was
always killed in the
Senate.
Anti-Suffragists: Those who
opposed suffrage
(many “Anti’s”were women)
Arguments of Anti-Suffragists:
 Women were high-strung, irrational, emotional
 Women were not smart or educated enough
 Women should stay at home
 Women were too physically frail; they would get tired
just walking to the polling station
 Women would become masculine if they voted
The Next Generation
 The old leaders pass on
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton died 1902
 Susan B. Anthony died 1906
 New groups emerge
 Young middle-class women go to college and join
the suffrage movement
 Many working-class women also joined the cause,
hoping the right to vote would help improve
working conditions
NAWSA v. NWP after 1910
National American Woman
Suffrage Association
(NAWSA)
Carrie Lane
Chapman Catt
 Work inside the system
 Careful state-by-state
strategy
 Support President Wilson
even if he doesn‘t outright
support suffrage (because
Democrats were a safer
bet than Republicans)
 Act ladylike! Don’t
embarrass the movement
National Woman’s Party
Alice Paul
 Work in and out of the system
 Pass a Constitutional
Amendment
 Used un-ladylike strategies
from British suffragists (e.g.,
heckling politicians,
picketing)
 No support for President
Wilson if he wouldn‘t support
woman suffrage
 NWP members were arrested
for picketing in front of the
White House; they were put in
jail, went on a hunger strike
and were force-fed
19th Amendment, 1920
“The right of citizens of the United States
to vote shall not be denied or abridged
by the United States or by any State on
account of sex. Congress shall have
power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.”
(Tennessee was the 36th state to ratify and it passed by only 1 vote)
Exit Slip
 The Progressive Movement pursued reforms in 5 Areas. We have now
discussed all 5. Add on to this graphic organizer (which you should
have in your notes) with information for the 5th Goal: Improving
American Morality.
Goal 3
Action
Goal 2
Action
Goal 1
Action
Goal 4
Action
Goal 5
Action
Video
Using all the information we have learned in the past few weeks,
please fill in the organizer below regarding the progressive movement
Then answer: How did the Progressive goals of improving lives of the
poor and American morality lead to the movement for Women’s
suffrage? Which of the 5 Sub-Goals does Women’s suffrage fit under?
Video Assignment: Iron Jawed Angels
 Take 5
 Choose 5 items that you found interesting, historically significant, or
important TO YOU, from the film and take notes on them.
Extra Slides
Progressive Era Timeline
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
[----------------------------------------------------------]
_____
_____
_______________
_____
_____
_____
_____