By Maggie Gibson
 Transport
activity.
is closely linked with economic
 Some
types of transport provide inputs
to production in the form of
commuting and business trips
and by moving goods
between producers and consumers.
 Other
forms of transport help households
carry out the activities they are interested in.

(Proost, Stef and Kurt Van Dender. “WHAT SUSTAINABLE ROAD TRANSPORT FUTURE? TRENDS AND POLICY OPTIONS.”
International Transport Forum, 2010. http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/discussionpapers/DP201014.pdf)
 Income
growth stimulates the demand for
such transport and, together with the
decrease in prices of car and air
transport, has generated a strong
increase in individual mobility in rich
countries for all kinds of activities,
including commuting, education,
recreation, use of services, shopping, and
tourism.
(http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/discussionpapers/DP201014.pdf)
 Public
policy has largely accommodated –
and sometimes inadvertently stimulated –
these developments via its spatial planning
and infrastructure capacity decisions, so that
economic development in advanced
economies has gone hand in hand with
strongly growing transport volumes.

(http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/discussionpapers/DP201014.pdf)
 People
and things have
always had the need to
move or be moved from
one place to another.
People have always looked
for more comfortable or
quicker ways to travel
 Different
environments
require different methods
of transportation.
Pelton, Christine "The Evolution of Transportation." The Evolution of
Transportation. 22 Apr. 2010 EzineArticles.com. 20 Jun. 2013
<http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Evolution-of-Transportation&id=4158206>.


Some vehicles travel on
the ground, like a train.
Some vehicles travel on
top of the water, like a
jet ski. Some even help
people to travel under
the water, like a
submarine. People use
other types of crafts to
travel in the air. A hot air
balloon is an interesting
way to travel through
the sky.
Article Source:
http://EzineArticles.com/4158206

Crafts such as rockets can help people to travel
into space. Over the centuries, inventors
designed machines or improved ways of
traveling to move people faster and faster.
Article source: http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Evolution-of-Transportation&id=4158206>.

For our topic, though, we will focus, on vehicles
that travel on land.
http://www.factmonster.com/science/inve
ntions/road.html
http://alife.co.uk/essays/memetic_takeover/
A
train is a vehicle that runs on tracks, or
rails. Passenger trains may have many
compartments for people to travel from one
place to another. Freight trains carry
cargo, or things. Different cars transport
different types of items.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206
 Refrigerator
cars transport food.
Container cars need a crane to lift cargo
in or out of the car. Tanker cars transport
different types of liquids.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206
• People sometimes use the term light rail to talk
about trains that run on city streets. A trolley, also
called a streetcar, is one type of light rail
transportation. The first streetcars were pulled by
horses or even people. Modern streetcars usually
get their power from electricity.
•
Article source: http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Evolution-of-Transportation&id=4158206>.
 Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-OYnsDp1Qg)
• A subway is a light rail system of cars. A subway
runs on the street and in underground tunnels.
Many large cities have a network of subway
tunnels. Article source: http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Evolution-of-Transportation&id=4158206>.
 (Video: http://www.alstom.com/us/products-andservices/transport/metros-light-rail-more/)
 Big
trains have wheels that run on railroad
tracks. They travel long distances between
cities and towns. The first car on a train is
the locomotive. The locomotive powers the
train. The first trains used steams engines.
Today, most trains get power from using
gasoline or electricity.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206


High-speed rail trains, sometimes called
bullet trains, are electric trains that run faster
than a regular train. These high speed rail
systems also transport people in Germany,
Korea, and Spain. The first countries to build
and use the bullet train were France and
Japan.
Video:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/10098065/Jap
an-tests-310mph-bullet-train.html
 The
monorail is another type of train. Most
monorail systems run on a single rail. Some
monorails are suspended. The train cars
actually hang from the track.

Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STRz0gjCMsw
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206

People drive and are passengers in motor
vehicles in most places of the world. Motor
vehicles have wheels and a motor. They can be
driven on many different land surfaces. Cars,
buses, and trucks allow people and things to
travel to certain places. They can travel where
boats and trains cannot go.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206
 Click
here to see a video, “125 years of
the Car—The History of Motoring” Made
in Germany:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKpw5Y
vGjEQ
 Cars
are vehicles used by people to get
from one place to another. Combustion
engines are often the power source for cars.
This type of engine burns gasoline or diesel
fuel to run. Some people are concerned that
combustion engines are contributing to
pollution in the air.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206

Inventors have
developed other types
of power systems to
make cars run. Electric
cars have electric
motors that run on
batteries. Some cars
use hydrogen to
provide power. A
hybrid car uses a
combustion engine and
battery power to make
the car work.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206



A micro-car, also called a bubble car, is very
popular in countries outside of the United States.
Auto makers designed the micro-car to use less
gas. It is also economical because a small
amount of material is necessary to build the car.
Video: http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xh0t37_toyota-s-scioniq-microcar-for-north-america_auto
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206
 Buses
usually operate on a schedule. A
passenger bus can carry people long
distances. They travel between different
cities and towns. A tour bus carries
tourists or people on vacation. Some
people charter, or rent, a bus for special
purposes.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206

Vehicle engineers designed trucks to carry materials
of all kinds. Pickup trucks have a flat bed behind
the passenger compartment. They can carry many
things in the flat bed. Large trucks transport different
kinds of heavier materials or equipment. They carry
things to places where trains and boats cannot travel.
An 18-wheeler is a very big truck. It has 18 separate
wheels.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4158206
Segway—Personal Transport
Video:

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=segway&view=detail&mid=E3C9281ECAE
6ECB15D2EE3C9281ECAE6ECB15D2E&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
Driverless Google car
Video:

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=google+car&view=detail&mid=C8B0
43CE788D23F052CBC8B043CE788D23F052CB&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
Driverless bus
Video:

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=driverless+bus&view=detail&mid=34
FEB172627215991D7C34FEB172627215991D7C&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
Air Pod
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RBl1LFUQ4c

 Urban
mobility
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gHrl2P6QGYQ&NR=1&feature=endsc
reen
 Evacuated Tube Transport
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=McpWcn-1RZU

Interactive roadways
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBTx87xiscs
 Different
kinds of vehicles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_aPcPQ8mXU
 Travel
anywhere on earth in 42 minutes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EapvQ3ALYJY
 Safety
(Laynie Weaver’s Safety PPT)
https://bay172.mail.live.com/default.aspx?rru=home&livecom=1#!/mail/
ViewOfficePreview.aspx?messageid=da6620f2-d9e2-11e2-a97800215ad735cc&folderid=00000000-0000-0000-0000000000000001&attindex=7&cp=-1&attdepth=7&n=1992507641
 Infrastructure
• Rail
• Highways
• Public transit
 Traffic
control
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/M
anual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices_2003_c
over.jpg
 It
is clear that transport activities contribute
to long-term problems concerning climate
change, jeopardize the long-term
availability of oil resources, so transport
becomes a sustainability problem.
(http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/discussionpapers/DP201014.pdf)
 Aging
bridges-- According to the Federal
Highway Administration, more than 72,000
bridges across the country are in some sort of
trouble.
(http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/government_programs/july-dec08/infrastructure_10-20.html)
Activity: Build a SWEEET Bridge: http://www1.cyfernet.org/actCYFAR/mom/02-08-Bridges/sweet-bridge.pdf
 Crowded
highways
It is estimated that by 2025, there will be 284
million operating light vehicles in the United
States–44 million more than in 2009
(http://www.cargroup.org/assets/files/ami.pdf)
 Distracted
drivers—How many of those
millions more drivers will be distracted by
cell phones or other devices as they drive?
 Less
land for new transportation
infrastructure due to expanding
populations around the world.
http://boxkauto.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Giant-traffic-jam.jpg
 With
continued urbanization and
concentration of economic activity in ever
larger metropolitan areas, congestion levels
could become intolerable.
(http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/discussionpapers/DP201014.pdf)
 Levels
of noise and air pollution remain
problematic despite advanced emission
control technology. Evidence suggests that
this could be at least as important as the
climate and energy resource problem
(http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/discussionpapers/DP201014.pdf)
 Various
governmental agencies, each
with its own agenda, may not agree on
how to proceed with new transportation
systems.
More
sharing of roadways between
motor vehicles and bicycles:
“Bicycle Culture by Design: Mikael Colville-Andersen at
TEDxZurich:”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=pX8zZdLw7cs
&feature=endscreen
“TEDxPortland 2011 - Mia Birk - Pedaling Towards a Healthier
Planet:”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7ZhTaxL6T8
 Less
reliance on fossil-fuels
• Biofuels
• Biocoal (to replace coal in producing electricity
for electric vehicles)
• Hydrogen cells
• TED Talks: Juan Enriquez: “Using biology to
rethink the energy challenge” :
http://www.ted.com/talks/juan_enriquez_wants_t
o_grow_energy.html
http://www.monarchrh.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/benefits-walking-community-ridge-hill1.jpg
 Development
of energy-smart
communities
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGJt_YXIoJI
 New
Urbanism replacing urban sprawl
 Shared Vehicles
• Bicycles
• Cars
• Motorcycles
• Segways
rather than private
 By
2035, the number of vehicles on the road
worldwide will almost double to 1.7 billion,
according to the International Energy
Agency (IEA).

Philip LeBeau“Whoa! 1.7 Billion Cars on the Road by 2035.” CNBC. <http://www.cnbc.com/id/49796736>.
 The
1.1 billion automobiles in 2012 already
average a set of new tires about every 2 years,
or 2.2 billion tires annually.
 Those 2.2 billion tires consume over half of the
earth's rubber production, which of course
burns even more fuel.
 These numbers are set to rise sharply as the
earth's population grows and countries like
China and India continue to industrialize and
grow their middle classes.
“How Many Cars Are There In The World Today?” <http://www.rfidtires.com/how-many-cars-world.html>
 According
to the IEA, look at the growth
in vehicles per capita in China:
 * 2000: 4 vehicles per 1000 people.
 * 2010: 40 per 1000 people.
 * 2035: 310 per 1000 people
 For comparison, the U.S. Currently has
660 vehicles per 1000 people.
Philip LeBeau“Whoa! 1.7 Billion Cars on the Road by 2035.” CNBC.
<http://www.cnbc.com/id/49796736
 Automakers
have made growing in China
a top priority. It has already passed the
U.S. to become the number one auto
market in the world.
 It won't be long until China dwarfs the
U.S. in auto sales.
Philip LeBeau“Whoa! 1.7 Billion Cars on the Road by 2035.” CNBC. <http://www.cnbc.com/id/49796736
 India
will also see explosive growth,
going from 14 million cars today to an
estimated 160 million cars 23 years from
now.
Philip LeBeau“Whoa! 1.7 Billion Cars on the Road by 2035.” CNBC. <http://www.cnbc.com/id/49796736
 With
so many vehicles
rolling out worldwide, it
raises a swirl of questions:

How will countries
curtail emissions?

What will this increased
demand mean for gas
prices?

Will electric and hybrid
cars take off?
Philip LeBeau“Whoa! 1.7 Billion Cars on the Road by 2035.” CNBC.
<http://www.cnbc.com/id/49796736
 The
IEA believes internal combustion
cars will still dominate the global auto
market by 2035.
 They are likely to be more fuel efficient.
 The IEA predicts the U.S. will mandate 60
MPG by 2035.
Philip LeBeau“Whoa! 1.7 Billion Cars on the Road by 2035.” CNBC. <http://www.cnbc.com/id/49796736
http://www.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/london-bridge-ed021.jpg
 Bridges that multi-task:
http://payamarchi.blogspot.com/2010/10/bridge-of-futureawesome-design-in.html
http://io9.com/the-incredible-bridge-design-that-could-takeportland-i-454538607
http://green.autoblog.com/2011/02/03/italian-designersenvision-amazing-solar-wind-bridge/
 Hyper-speed
transport
Bullet trains
Evacuated Tube Transport
http://www.wallpaperclicks.com/Automobile/Train
s/Fast-Train/fast%20train.jpg
 Vehicle-to-smart
phone
interfaces
 Transportation
operations-to-smart
phone interfaces
 Vehicle-to-highway
interfaces.

http://www.pxleyes.com/images/contests/traffic-sign/fullsize/Robotic-Drone-4d5b50b2aa56e.jpg
Automated
traffic patrol (robots,
drones, etc.) to issue traffic violation
tickets
 Energy Smart Communities Initiative
 The National Transportation Safety Board
 Toyota, Ford Motor Company, General
Motors, Honda, etc… (Automobile
manufacturers)
 Tesla Motors and Elon Musk (Electric car
company and CEO)
 ET3 (Evacuated Tube Transport
Technology)
 Zipcar.com
 G8 (Group of 8 of the world’s largest
national economies)
 National Transportation
Operations Coalition
(http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/nat_dialogue.htm)
 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
 Federal Government, State Government,
Local/Municipal (City) Government
 U.S. Department of Transportation
 Environmental Protection Agency
 NASA
 Apple
 Congress for the New Urbanism
 Now you can continue to add to this list…