Communication
Session 01
Lets Get Moving
Learning objectives
On completion of this chapter
you should be able to:
1. define communication
2. describe different forms and
types of communication
3. Describe models and
approaches in
communication
4. identify barriers to
communication and
methods to overcome the
barriers
5. explain the importance of
communication in today's
learning environments.
Communication
Communication

'[Communication is] the use of verbal
and non-verbal communication
between people trying to create
shared meaning.' (Yoder, Hugenberg
& Wallace 1996)

'Communication is any behaviour,
verbal, nonverbal or graphic that is
perceived by another.' (Dwyer 2005,
p.4)

'The management of messages for the
purpose of creating shared meaning.'
(Frey, Botan, Friedman & Kreps 1991)

'The transmission and reception of
information.' (Shannon & Weaver in
Yoder, Hugenberg & Wallace 1996)
Watzlawick, Beavan and
Jackson (1967)
Approached a definition of communication by
proposing a series of axioms (principles or
rules).
1. Axiom 1: One cannot not communicate.
2. Axiom 2: Human beings communicate both
digitally and analogically.
Verbal and nonverbal
3. Axiom 3: Communication has both a
content and relationship component.
what is said, how it is said.
4. Axiom 4: The nature of the relationship
depends on how the parties punctuate the
communication sequence.
different start points, different perceptions of
time, difficulty understanding where other is
coming from.
5. Axiom 5: All communication is either
symmetrical or complementary.
Each has the same power; or
Each has a different power base, boss and
subordinate.
Different relationships create different
communication process e.g. Informal/ formal
respective.
Communication
What types of
communication
do we use in
everyday life?
Types of Communication
Communication Type Example
verbal
nonverbal
Graphic and pictorial
electronic
listening
reading
Observing (one way)
Remote (telephone)
Where/why
important
Communication
What forms of
communication
do we use in
everyday life?
Form of
communication
Example
Form of
communication
Give Information
Negotiate
Ask questions
Express emotions
Control and manage
reading
Organise
Remote
Learn and teach
Where/why
important
Listening
We listen in order to
learn and retain
information. If we are
speaking, we are not
listening or learning
anything to add to our
sum of knowledge. This
is why the first step to
effective listening is to
stop talking!
Ken Fracaro
Getting the meaning right
Three Groups

True Insurance Statements

Actual Church Bulletins

Student Bloopers
How We Learn
83% through seeing
 11% through hearing
 3.5%through smell
 1,5% through touch
 1% through taste

How We Retain information
•
•
•
•
•
•
10% of what we read
20% of what we hear
30% of what we see
50% of what we see and hear
70% of what we say as we talk
90% of what we say as we do a thing
1
3
2
4
Communication: Process theory
transmission models
The process models

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The transmission model was
subsequently adapted to form the
process models in which people
transmit, receive, interpret and
respond to messages with
feedback (Dwyer 2005).
The process models have seven
main elements:
Sender
Message
Receiver
Feedback
Channel
Context or setting (environment)
Noise or interference
Four ways of communicating
What we do
 How we look
 What we say
 How we say

Facial Expression
•
•
•
•
A smile is contagious, be a carrier
Lear the language of the eyes
Look people in the eye
Wear success on your face
Body Language
Face others directly
 Good posture exudes good self
esteem
 Develop a winning handshake

Appearance
• You never get a second chance
to make a first impression
• Clothing always communicates
• over dressing is better than
under dressing
• Accept what you can’t change
Listening
Communication is not a
monologue but a dialogue
 Listening is not passive –it’s active
 Remember to pause, look and
respond

Valuing others
•
•
•
•
Develop genuine interest in others
Remember people’s names
Respond to messages quickly
Make what matters to that person
matter to you
Barriers to communication.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Physical barriers
Perceptual barriers
Emotional barriers
Cultural barriers
Language barriers
Gender barriers
Interpersonal barriers
There are six levels at which
people can distance themselves
from one another:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Withdrawal
Rituals
Pastimes
Working
Games
Closeness
Creating a positive
communication climate
TASK
Describe a situation in which you
have a experienced a positive
communication climate.
Describe a situation in which you
have experienced a negative
communication climate.
As a teacher, or manger, how would
you ensure a positive
communication climate in the
learning environment?
How realistic is the 'win-win'
approach? Can we always satisfy the
needs of both parties in a situation?
Spider graph (chart)
Mind Maps
ACTIVITY
 In groups – look at
Barriers to
Communication
Document
 Draw a mind map
illustrating these forms
of barriers within the
teaching and learning
environment
The difference between
sympathy and empathy
Empathy
Empathy –
 trying to understand the other
person's point of view or, trying
to put yourself in their shoes.
 difficult if we are unfamiliar with
the person or if they are from a
different culture.
 Open communication and careful
listening to needs, desires,
interests and motivations
 Try to understand their point of
view and how it might influence
or affect the situation.

Communication (02)
Please research
Active listening
for next week