Name Date Period
Chapter 16: State Building and the Search for Order
Constitutionalism in England
Directions: Read p. 498-504 of your textbook.
Fill in the blanks below while reading.
England Turned Upside Down, 1642–1660, pp. 498–502
Charles I vs. Parliament
 Charles I (r. 1625–1649) wanted to establish ____________________ in England.
 In 1629, when Parliament wanted Charles to agree to the
___________________ (a promise not to levy taxes without
Parliament’s consent) , he closed Parliament for ______________ years.
 He irritated Puritans by favoring _________________ rituals similar to Catholic rites. With Charles’s support, the Archbishop of
Canterbury, _________________ tried to impose the Anglican liturgy on Puritans. When they resisted, he hauled them before the
__________________.
 When the same thing [i.e. forcing Presbyterians to use the Book of
Common Prayer] was tried on Presbyterian Scots , the Scots invaded the north of England in __________, forcing Charles to summon
Parliament to levy new taxes .
 Moderate elements within Parliament voted to undo some of the king’s less popular measures. Removed ___________ from office, abolished the _________________, and repealed recent taxes. Also, they provided for a parliament meeting every ________ years. This provided a constitutional check on royal authority.
 Charles attempted to arrest the reformers, but when opposition arose, he left London to raise an army.
Civil War and the Challenge to All Authorities
 The English civil war lasted for four years: began: ______; ended:
______. Charles’s army, known as the _________, found their support in ________________________________.
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 The parliamentary forces, known as the _______________________, had their stronghold in ________________________________. The
Puritan Roundheads were led by ____________________.
 There were a lot of differences among the Puritans. Presbyterians wanted a ___________church. Independents favored
___________________________. But they put aside their differences for military unity and united behind an obscure member of the House of Commons, _____________________________.
 In 1646, Cromwell’s _________________________________ defeated the royalists at the battle of Naseby. (see map on p. 499)
 Parliament then split into moderate Presbyterians and radical
Independents.
 The Presbyterians made up the majority, but the _________________ controlled the army and used it to purge the Presbyterians from
________________. The remaining members were known as the
__________________________.
 Other religious and political dissenters included the ___________, the
Baptists, and the _________________. Many new sects emphasized women’s spiritual equality.
Oliver Cromwell
 In __________, the Rump Parliament found ____________________ guilty of trying to create “an unlimited and tyrannical power.” On
January 30, 1649, he was beheaded.
 The Rump Parliament then abolished the monarchy and the House of
Lords and formed a republic led by __________________________, who tolerated no opposition.
 The new regime aimed to extend state power just as Charles I had.
Cromwell laid the foundation for a Great Britain made up of
_________________________, ____________________ and
____________________.
He conquered Scotland again and brutally subdued ____________________.
 He waged war on the ____________, and, in 1651, enacted the first
_______________________ Act to protect English commerce against the Dutch .
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 But Cromwell alienated supporters with higher ________________ than those imposed by the monarchy and with harsh tactics against dissent.
 In 1653, when Parliament considered disbanding the army, Cromwell abolished the ___________________ and named himself
_________________________.
 In 1660, two years after Cromwell’s death, a newly elected Parliament called _______________________, the son of the beheaded king, to the throne .
 By the time of Cromwell’s death, he had become highly unpopular due to some of the actions above: dictatorial behavior, such as abolishing Parliament; raising taxes; banning newspapers; persecuting dissent.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688, pp. 502–504
Sneak preview of the next three monarchs of England :
 Charles II (r. 1660-1685), son of Charles I
 James II (r. 1685-1688), brother of Charles II
 William and Mary o William (r. 1689-1702) was a Dutch ruler and the
Prince of Orange o Mary (r. 1689-1694) was the oldest daughter of James
II
Back to our story : The Restored Monarchy
 Traditional monarchy restored – Charles II in full partnership with
Parliament. Attempted to have more religious toleration, especially to
_________________.
 Although most English welcomed the monarchy back in 1660, many soon came to fear that Charles II wished to establish
______________________ on the French model.
 In 1670, Charles secretly agreed to convert to __________________ in exchange for money from ___________________ to fight the
________________________.
 Although Charles never pronounced himself a Catholic, he did ease restrictions on Catholics and Protestant dissenters. Charles issued the
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_____________________________________ (1673), suspending laws against Catholic and Protestant dissenters.
 In 1673, Parliament passed the _______________________, which required government officials to pledge allegiance to the Church of
England and disavow Catholic doctrine.
 In 1678, Parliament tried to deny the throne to any
_____________________ because they did not want the king’s brother and heir James II , a Catholic convert, to inherit the throne.
Known as the ______________________________ , they tried to explicitly deny the throne to a Roman Catholic.
 Charles did not allow this law to pass, splitting Parliament into two factions: o __________________ , who supported a strong, hereditary monarchy and the Anglican church; o __________________, who supported a strong Parliament and toleration for non-Anglicans.
Parliament’s Revolt against James II
 ________________ succeeded his brother as king and pursued absolutist and pro-Catholic policies.
 When his wife gave birth to a son that ensured a _______________ to the throne, the Whigs and Tories in Parliament united.
 They offered the throne to James’s older Protestant daughter
____________ and her husband, the Dutch ruler William, prince of
_______________.
 In the ________________________________, so-called because it was brought about with relatively little bloodshed, James fled to
France, and _________________________took the throne. o The condition was that they had to grant a
________________________ that confirmed Parliament’s rights in government. o This agreement gave _________________ recognition as a formal, independent body.
“Glorious Revolution” refers to the events surrounding the abdication of
_______________ and _____________________ coming to the throne in
1688.
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 The propertied classes that controlled Parliament now focused on consolidating their power and preventing any future popular turmoil. o _______________________________ granted all Protestants freedom of worship; Catholics got no rights, but were often left alone to worship privately.
 Outposts of Constitutionalism o Dutch Republic o British North American colonies
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