WORKS CITED
and PARENTHETICAL
REFERENCES
Why do I need to cite a source?
 To
give credit in a paper for ideas that
are not your own (no plagiarizing).
 To show a reader where to look if he
wants more information on his own.
 To sound more like an authority on the
subjects—add “proof” to your
arguments.
What sources should I cite?
sources that give original ideas or
facts that were not found in many other
sources
 Information in encyclopedias or general
“about” websites are considered
“common knowledge,” so do NOT cite
those
 Cite
Why shouldn’t I cite information in my
thesis statement or topic sentences?
 NO.
Your thesis statement and your
topic sentences are YOUR
CONCLUSIONS you drew about your
research. They should be your OWN
IDEAS.
 Cite only information contained in your
SUPPORTING SENTENCES.
Smith 1
Smith 1
Smith 5
Smith 1
Ron Smith
Works Cited
Ms. Zielinski
Davidson, John. Citing Sources is
English 8
Fun. New York: Schuster Press,
April 18, 2012
How to Cite Sources
When you quote or borrow the ideas of authors, you
must give them credit by including parenthetical references
within your research report and giving the full citations
within a Works Cited page. The Works Cited page is the last
page of your research report.
You may have consulted ten sources during your
research and end up paraphrasing or quoting only five of
them in your research report. In general, cite sources that
give original ideas or facts that were not found in many other
texts
(Davidson 693). Your thesis statement and
topic sentences should be your own conclusions, so
parenthetical references should not be found within them.
Here are some examples of how the parenthetical
references should look in your research report. Also see the
2009. Print.
What is a parenthetical
reference?
 Parenthetical
references refer the
reader to specific pages in a book, a
website, or another source from which
quotations or facts are taken (Smith
27).
 “Parenthetical” means the information
is in (parentheses).
What is a parenthetical
reference?
 “Reference”
means that you are
“referring” a reader to go look at your
Works Cited page for complete
information on that source.
 Parenthetical references appears
WITHIN the final period of the sentence
so they do not break the logical
development of your thoughts
(“Artillery”).
What is a Works Cited page?

The Works Cited page is an alphabetical
listing of each source for which you included
a parenthetical reference in your report.
 The Works Cited page is the LAST PAGE of
your research report.
 It is typed directly into the SAME FILE as
your report, so it will have the same margins,
fonts, etc.
Is a Works Cited a bibliography?
 NO.
A bibliography, called a Works
Consulted, is a list of ALL of the
sources you looked at to gain
information. These are the yellow and
blue citation slips you filled out when
you took your notes.
 A Works Cited contains ONLY those
sources you quote or paraphrase in
your research report.
TO CITE A BOOK:
(in Research Report)
…first day of the conflict. Grant initially
opposed the movement of forces up Sparrow
Ridge (Jones 374). However, he later…..
(on Works Cited page)
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War.
Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008. Print.
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
Author of the book
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
Book title
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
City published
If an unknown city, add the state also.
Periwinkle, Oregon:
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
Publisher
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
Year published
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
Type of Media (Print or Web)
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print .
Punctuation is NOT OPTIONAL.
Follow the models, and insert every
comma, period, and colon.
TO CITE A BOOK:
Works Cited
Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil
War. Sacramento: Sever Press, 2008.
Print.
Notice NO PAGE NUMBERS appear on
a Works Cited page.
The entries are NOT NUMBERED.
TO CITE A WEBSITE:
All information known
(in Research Report)
…Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of
bravery and tenacity (Etheridge).
(on Works Cited page)
Etheridge, Shirley. “Irish Regiments.” Civil
War Site. University of Iowa, 25 May 2009.
Web. 2 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ui.edu>.
TO CITE A WEBSITE:
Author unknown
(in Research Report)
…Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of
bravery and tenacity ( “Irish” ).
Works Cited
“Irish Regiments.” Civil War Site. University
of Iowa, 25 May 2009. Web. 2 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.ui.edu>.
TO CITE A WEBSITE:
Author and article title unknown
(in Research Report)
…Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of
bravery and tenacity (Civil War).
Works Cited
Civil War Site. University of Iowa, 25 May
2009. Web. 2 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.ui.edu>.
TO CITE A WEBSITE:
Author, article, and last update unknown
Research Report
…Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of
bravery and tenacity (Civil War).
Works Cited
Civil War Site. University of Iowa. Web. 2
Mar. 2010. <http://www.ui.edu>.
Smith 1
Smith 1
Smith 1
Smith 5
Ron Smith
Works Cited
Ms. Zielinski
Davidson, John. Citing Sources is Fun.
English 8
New York: Schuster Press, 2009.
April 18, 2012
How to Cite Sources
When you quote or borrow the ideas of authors, you
must give them credit by including parenthetical references
within your research report and giving the full citations
within a Works Cited page. The Works Cited page is the last
page of your research report.
You may have consulted ten sources during your
research and end up paraphrasing or quoting only five of
them in your research report. In general, cite sources that
give original ideas or facts that were not found in many other
texts
(Davidson 693). Your thesis statement and
topic sentences should be your own conclusions, so
parenthetical references should not be found within them.
Here are some examples of how the parenthetical
references should look in your research report. Also see the
Print.
How should I format the
Works Cited page?
THE HEADER AND DOUBLE-SPACING
ARE CARRIED FORWARD TO THIS PAGE
Smith 6
Works Cited
Davidson, John. Citing Sources is Fun. New York:
Schuster Press, 2009. Print.
“The Irish Brigade.” New Jersey Network. League of
Irish Voters, 3 Jun. 2008. Web. 30 Sep. 2010.
<http://www.history.net>.
Robert E. Lee Webpage. University of Florida, Sep.
2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.
floridawebsite.edu>.
NO MLA INFORMATION IS AT THE TOP!
This page should be typed directly IN YOUR
REPORT after setting a PAGE BREAK.
Smith 6
Works Cited
Davidson, John. Citing Sources is Fun. New York:
Schuster Press, 2009. Print.
“The Irish Brigade.” New Jersey Network. League of
Irish Voters, 3 Jun. 2008. Web. 30 Sep. 2010.
<http://www.history.net>.
Robert E. Lee Webpage. University of Florida, Sep.
2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.
floridawebsite.edu>.
CENTER THE TITLE; DO NOT SPACE
DOWN (USE ONE-INCH TOP MARGIN)
DO NOT USE BOLD, UNDERLINE, QUOTES
Smith 6
Works Cited
Davidson, John. Citing Sources is Fun. New York:
Schuster Press, 2009. Print.
“The Irish Brigade.” New Jersey Network. League of
Irish Voters, 3 Jun. 2008. Web. 30 Sep. 2010.
<http://www.history.net>.
Robert E. Lee Webpage. University of Florida, Sep.
2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.
floridawebsite.edu>.
ALPHABETIZE ALL ENTRIES
(exclude a, the, an)
Smith 6
Works Cited
Davidson, John. Citing Sources is Fun. New York:
Schuster Press, 2009. Print.
“The Irish Brigade.” New Jersey Network. League of
Irish Voters, 3 Jun. 2008. Web. 30 Sep. 2010.
<http://www.history.net>.
Robert E. Lee Webpage. University of Florida, Sep.
2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.
floridawebsite.edu>.
PUNCTUATION IS IMPORTANT!
(follow the models exactly)
Smith 6
Works Cited
Davidson, John. Citing Sources is Fun. New York:
Schuster Press, 2009. Print.
“The Irish Brigade.” New Jersey Network. League of
Irish Voters, 3 Jun. 2008. Web. 30 Sep. 2010.
<http://www.history.net>.
Robert E. Lee Webpage. University of Florida, Sep.
2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.
floridawebsite.edu>.
BEGIN ALL LINES AT THE LEFT;
INDENT CARRY-OVER LINES
Smith 6
Works Cited
Davidson, John. Citing Sources is Fun. New York:
Schuster Press, 2009. Print.
“The Irish Brigade.” New Jersey Network. League of
Irish Voters, 3 Jun. 2008. Web. 30 Sep. 2010.
<http://www.history.net>.
Robert E. Lee Webpage. University of Florida, Sep.
2007. Web. 30 Feb. 2010. <http://www.
floridawebsite.edu>.
How many sources should I list
on my Works Cited page?

ENGLISH 8: Include at least 3 different
sources on your Works Cited page (only 1 may
be from Wikipedia). That means you will have 3
related parenthetical references within your
report.

ENGLISH 8 HONORS: Include at least 5
different sources on your Works Cited page
(only 1 may be from Wikipedia). That means you
will have 5 related parenthetical references
within your report.