Anatomy & Physiology
mr e ~ SRCS
FINAL STUDY GUIDE
chapter 1-11
180 multiple choice
A&P chapters 1-11: Final Study Guide
vocab
anatomy
physiology
homeostasis
feedback system
receptor
effector
control center
anatomical position
(directional terms)
(body planes)
growth
differentiation
positive feedback system
negative feedback system
Plasma membrane
selective permeability
concentration gradient
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
active transport
passive transport
hypo/iso/hyper tonicity
exocytosis
endocytosis
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
chromosomes
mRNA/tRNA
DNA
protein synthesis
mitosis (I.P.MATC)
cytokinesis
Cell structures/organelles
Integral proteins
mutation
Atrophy/dystrophy/hypertrophy
codon/anticodon
epithelial tissue (defined /types)
connective tissue (defined/types)
liposuction
tissue engineering
components of blood
(cells /matrix)
Membranes (types)
Apical surface
Basal surface
Basement membrane
Neurotransmitter
Epidermis/dermis/hypodermis
Melanin
Keratin
Collagen
Keratinocyte
Langerhans cell
Merkel cell
Epidermal layers (order)
Sweat
Sebum
Lanugo
Sebaceous gland
Sudoriferous gland
Eccrine sweat gland
Apocrine sweat gland
Stratum germinivium
Dermal papillae
Arrector pili muscle
Rule of nines
Critical burn
Non-critical burn
Freckles
Jaundice
alopecia
Vitiglio
Albinism
Acne
goosebumps
fractures: open
comminuted
impacted
greenstick
stress
Colles'
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
metaphysis
red marrow
yellow marrow
periosteum
osteocyte
osteomalacia
osteopenia
osteoporosis
acromegaly
erythema
axial/appendicular skeleton
Bone shapes
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
sutural
fossa
meatus
tuberosity
trochanter
head
process
foramen
condyle
crest
True/false ribs
Floating ribs
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spinal curves
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
fontanels
anterior
posterior
anterolateral
posterolateral
spinous process
scoliosis
osteoarthritis
kyphosis
lordosis
spina bifida
glenoid cavity
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
pubic symphysis
acetabulum
pelvic girdle
pectoral girdle
calcaneus
epicondyles of knee
condyles of knee
patella
trochanter (greater/lesser)
glenohumeral joint
sacroiliac joint
sternoclavicular joint
clawfoot
clubfoot
flatfoot
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Suture
Movements
Gliding
Angular
Flexion
Lateral flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Rotation
Special
Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Inversion
Eversion
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Synovial joint types
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball-and-socket
Range of Motion (ROM)
Relaxin (hormone)
excitability/irritability
contractility
elasticity
extensibility
muscle belly
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
actin/myosin
neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
motor unit
sarcomere
Twitch contraction
Wave summary
Unfused tetanus
Fused tetanus
Muscle tone
flaccid
atrophy
hypertrophy
hyperplasia
motor unit recruitment
muscle types
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
isometric contraction
isotonic contraction
concentric
eccentric
fiber types
slow oxidative (SO)
fast oxidative-glycolitic (FOG)
fast glycolytic (FG)
sarcolemma
origin
insertion
synergist
fixator
agonist/prime mover
anatagonist
lever
fulcrum
effort
load
fascicle alignment/shape
parallel
triangular
oval/circular
pennate(uni/bi/multi)
fusiform
all the muscle names
stressed in class
TABLE 11.2
hernia
strain
sprain
Bell's Palsy
Intubation
Incontinence
Shin splint
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Diagrams With Which to be Familiar:
The Generalized Cell
Layers of the Skin
Surfaces of Epithelial Tissue
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Types of Bone Fractures
Anatomy of a Long Bone
Bones of the Skull
Infantile Fontanels
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Bones of the Shoulder girdle
Parts of the Femur; Knee Joint
Pelvic Comparison based on Gender
Synovial Joint Types
Special Movements
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Muscular Contractions
Levers: Physics of movement
Muscles of Head/face
Muscles of Anterior Trunk
Muscles of the Body!
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THINGS you MUST know:
1. vocab, vocab (well, you know by now)
2. Parts & paths of a feedback system.
3. Be able to select the correct positional term relating two organs to one another. (eg. the
liver is ____ to the heart)
4. In what ways does growth occur?
5. How to determine osmotic movement through a cell membrane based on solute
concentrations.
6. Various transport processes in & out of a cell.
7. General distinctions between cell organelles; know functions and visual representations
and locations (see pic above).
8. The components of transcription & translation (DNA, mRNA, tRNA, codons, anticodons,
base triplets)
9. Basic steps of Cell life cycle & Mitosis (I; PMATC).
10. Be able to judge what a base triplet would be if given the following:'
a. Given: DNA; determine: mRNA
b. Given: mRNA; determine: tRNA
11. Functions of Epithelial & Connective tissues.
12. Types of Epithelial tissues based on shape, number of layers, &/or function.
13. Distinguish/classify glands into the categories of endocrine or exocrine.
14. Layers (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) and associated components of skin (Merkel,
Langerhans, etc..)
15. Components/physical makeup of glandular secretions (Sebum, Sweat).
16. Distinguish between eccrine & apocrine glands.
17. Labeled structures of skin (see pic above).
18. Medically use Law of Nines to assess burns.
19. Skin disorders (clinical connections).
20. Parts of a long bone (see pic above).
21. Six general fractures (see pic above).
22. How many bones are in the human skeleton?
23. Axial & Appendicular skeletal divisions.
24. Associate a bone with its bone type.
25. Know marking well enough to pick a few out when verbally described.
26. Facial vs. cranial divisions.
27. Clinical connections associated with Skeletal system.
28. Rib divisions (True, False, floating).
29. Curves of the spine; development thereof.
30. Bones of skull (see pic above).
31. Function of vertebral spinous processes.
32. Bone inventory of human hand (number of carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)
33. Bones of the Skeletal system and parts of certain bones (see pics above)
34. Types of Joints (physical & functional classifications).
35. Special movements.
36. Types of synovial joints (see pic above).
37. What affect does disuse of a limb have on the affected joint?
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38. The hormone relaxin does what..when?
39. Characteristics & functions of muscle tissue.
40. Anatomy of muscle tissue (Outer layer to inner filamental proteins).
41. How is muscle tone maintained?
42. Muscle tissue clinical connections.
43. Distinguish the three muscle fiber types.
44. How is a neural action potential generated?
45. Order the 4 general steps of muscle contraction.
46. What distinguishes the types of muscle tissue from each other?
47. Distinguish between classes of levers.
48. Distinguish between functional names for muscles (agonist/antagonist).
49. Main muscle for breathing?
50. All the muscles listed in bold in the diagrammatic slides in the ppt (listed on last slide of
class notes ppt) by name/location (eg. be able to identify); see diagrams above.
51. Order of the 3 anterolateral abdominal layers from superficial to deep or vice versa.
52. The clinical connections from the muscles (ch11)
53. Categories by which muscles are named.
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