Celestino Hopkins
El Presente Ar Er Ir
 To conjugate a regular verb in the present tense in
Spanish:
 -start with the infinitive of the verb
 -drop the –ar, -er, -ir ending to get the verb’s stem
 -add the personal ending that reflects the subject
doing the action. (the verb’s –ar, -er, -ir ending
determines the set of personal endings you will choose
from)
El Presente Ar Er Ir
 Differences between formal and familiar
 -use tu when using you as a referent for a friend, a
classmate, a child, an immediate family member, or
someone you know well
 -use usted when using you as a referent for a stranger, a
professor, someone older than you, or someone to
whom you need or wish to show respect
Verbs with Irregular First Persons
 Caber – yo quepo
 Car – yo caigo
 Dirigir – yo dirijo
 Hacer – yo hago
 Escoger – yo escojo
 Salir – yo salgo
Verbs with Irregular First Persons
 For verbs that end in –cer and –cir, change the c to zc
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for the yo form:
Conocer – yo conozco
Conducir – yo conduzco
Producir – yo produzco
Establecer – yo establezco
Verbs with Irregular First Persons
 For verbs that end in –ger and –gir, change the g to j for
the yo form:
 Escoger – yo escojo
 Dirigir – yo dirijo
 Emerger – yo emerjo
Verbs with Irregular First Persons
 For verbs that end in –guir, change the gu to g for the
yo form:
 Seguir – yo sigo
 Conseguir – yo consigo
 Distringuir – yo distingo
Ser y Estar
 Both can be translated as “to be”
 -I am
 -You are
 -He/She is
 -We are
 -You-all are
 -They are
Ser y Estar
 To address conidition, use estar. Estar is an irregular
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verb. It does not follow the standard rules of
conjugation for regular –ar verbs.
Estoy
Estas
Esta
Estamos
estan
Ser y Estar
 To address en essential quality, use ser. Ser is also
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irregular.
Soy
Eres
Es
Somos
Son
Ser y Estar
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Ser uses:
Hour, day, and date
Place of origin
Occupation
Nationality
Religioues or Politcal Affiliation
Material Something is made of
Possession
Personal Relationships
Impersonal Expressions
Where an Event is Taking Place
Inherent or Essential Qualities
Ser y Estar
 Uses of estar:
 Geographic or Physical Location
 State or Condition
 Many Idiomatic Expressions
 Progressive Tenses
Verbs like Gustar
 Gustar means “to be pleasing” as opposed to “to like.”
 Gustar and its similar verbs have mandatory indirect
objects which require an indirect object pronoun. The
verb is always conjugated to the main noun while the
person is indentified by the indirect object pronoun.
When the indirect object falls at the end of the
sentence, the prepositional phrase such as “a mi” or “a
nosotros” is placed after the verb instead of in front of
the indirect object pronoun.
Verbs like Gustar
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Abburir – to bore
Agradar – to please
Caber – to fit/ to fill
Doler – to hurt
Costar – to cost
Disgustar – to disgust
Encantar – to delight
Interesar – to interest
Molestar – to bother
Quedar – to remain