TEAP
Progress Report
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1
TEAP
Medical Technical Options Committee
Progress Report
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Essential Uses:
Summary for Metered Dose Inhalers




7 EUNs submitted (6 Article 5 -plus- Russian Federation)
Adequate CFC-free alternatives for beta-agonists and
inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for all importing countries –
CFCs nominated for beta-agonists and ICS MDIs intended
for export: Not Recommended
CFCs for domestic use for beta-agonists and ICS may still
be needed for 2011 to complete transition (Argentina,
China, Iran, Pakistan, Russian Federation): recommended
for 2011
Only limited range of CFC-free anti-cholinergics currently
available: recommended for 2011, where essential
M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 0 m e e t i n g, 1 5 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 0, G e n e v a
Essential Uses:
Summary for Metered Dose Inhalers
For Parties nominating in 2010:
Authorised for 2010; Requested (Summary Recommendation) 2011
Note: TEAP Report shows specific recommendations for Parties
with reference to active ingredients and intended markets
Party
Argentina
2010
178
2011
120.2 (107.2)
Bangladesh
156.7
113.7 (38.7)
China
972.2
809.9 (741.2)
India
343.6
192.3 (48.2)
Iran
105
105 (105)
Pakistan
34.9
39.6 (39.6)
Russian Federation
212
248 (212)
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Estimated Use CFCs for MDIs, 2010-14
900
Algeria
800
Argentina
700
Bangladesh
Tonnes
600
China
Egypt
500
India
400
Iran
300
Pakistan
200
Russia
100
Syria
United States
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year
2012
2013
2014 +
Global Use and Production of CFCs
for Metered Dose Inhalers


60th ExCom decided to modify production agreements for
China and India to allow production of pharmaceuticalgrade CFCs to meet essential uses of other countries for
2010, with annual review.
If MTOC recommendations for 2011 approved:




China manufactures CFC for its own use, and can export to Russia
(Russia probably last EUN 2011)
All other Parties might be able to manage remaining CFC needs from
stockpile (total 300 t; <250 t in 2011, <55 t in 2012)
Stocks at start 2010: USA 1,020 t; Venezuela 301 t; prices trebled from
$5 to $15/kg
New pharmaceutical-grade CFC manufacture may not be needed to meet
2011 and 2012 requirements (except China)
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Manufacturing conversion in Article 5
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Many conversions being completed by 2011
Some companies moving ahead without MLF funding
Some companies have CFC-free capacity that is not fully
utilised
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Argentina
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Significantly reduced exports through nomination process
Affordable CFC-free alternatives are available for all drugs
in all export markets
Most manufacturers switched to HFCs; total installed
capacity for salbutamol HFC MDIs sufficient for demand
Pablo Cassara




Inexpensive salbutamol CFC MDIs supplying 60-70% of Argentina’s market
MLF has financed the first replacement project with isobutane, but
toxicological issues are not yet resolved
No apparent technical barriers to reformulate salbutamol MDIs with HFCs
(as this company has for other drugs)
Without demonstrated progress, in future MTOC may be unable to
recommend CFCs for its salbutamol MDIs
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Bangladesh and India
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Bangladesh
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
Transition strategy phase-out by 2012, ahead of expectations
3 manufacturers will have HFC MDIs for salbutamol and
beclomethasone this year
HFC MDI manufacturing capacity exceeds national demand
India



Transition progressing well
Cipla has 51 different CFC-free products available
TEAP does not recommend the portion of India’s EUN designated
for export to markets that have banned CFC MDIs
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China
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810 t requested, including 589 t for salbutamol and 96 t
for beclomethasone
90% of EUN for domestic market – recommended
10% of EUN intended for export – not recommended
Ciclesonide in regulatory review – not recommended
Chinese Traditional Medicines – to be re-evaluated
nationally
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China (2)
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China’s current schedule infers that it will be the last country
to complete the transition
Salbutamol CFC-MDI phase-out will be completed by 2016,
based upon 6 CFC-free alternatives becoming available
Beclomethasone CFC-MDI phase-out will be completed by
2017, based upon 2 CFC-free alternatives becoming available
Fast track regulatory processes could accelerate phase-out
China manufactures its own pharmaceutical-grade CFCs: CFC
production “campaign” to complete transition might be
needed
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Decision XXI/4(8)
TEAP/MTOC technical expert
mission to Russian Federation




Funded by grants from Sweden, Finland and 2 Russian
MDI manufacturers
GEF CFC phase-out programme in 1990s omitted the MDI
sector; subsequently, adequate investment has not been
secured
Funding support for technology conversion and
equipment is critical for transition
With funding, manufacturing transition could be
completed by the end of 2012
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Decision XXI/4(8)
TEAP/MTOC technical expert
mission to Russian Federation





Formulation of new salbutamol HFC MDIs is completed
and initial dossiers submitted to health authorities
Accelerating the health regulatory processes could
facilitate approvals
An Inter-Ministerial working group chaired by Ministry of
Health has been convened
Some affordable CFC-free imports are available that could
make up any shortfall
Without additional demonstrated progress, MTOC may be
unable to recommend future EUNs
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TEAP
Chemicals Technical Options Committee
Progress Report
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Process Agents

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Three process agent uses (#5, 11, and 27 of Table A)
discontinued in the EU
Reporting to Table B is only required for those Parties
using process agents
Clarification is needed on EU sources of CTC emissions
(process agents, feedstocks, inadvertent production and
other uses)
A joint report by TEAP and the MLF ExCom will be
submitted to the OEWG-31 in 2011 (as per decision XXI/3
(5))
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Laboratory and Analytical Uses of ODS
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Parties provided extensive information about reasons for
use of controlled substances in lab & analytical uses
Alternative substances and procedures for most lab &
analytical uses could be adopted by Article 5 and nonArticle 5 Parties at no extra cost
Some laboratory uses are difficult to replace where the
ODSs are converted or transformed
CTOC will provide further information on decisions XXI/6
(5) and (6) at MOP-22
TEAP/CTOC requests information from A5 Parties on any of
those uses already removed from the exemption
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EUN of CFC-113
in the Russian Federation


CTOC recommends the EUN for 100 metric tonnes of CFC113 in 2011 by the Russian Federation for use in the
domestic space program (with a projected decrease to 35
tonnes in 2014)
CTOC recommends greater efforts for the introduction of
appropriate alternatives and newly designed equipment to
complete the phase-out of CFC-113 on an accelerated
time schedule
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Destruction Technologies
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CTOC identified approximately 180 facilities in 27
countries employing a variety of technologies; far more
than reported in the 2002 TEAP Task Force Report
Information was obtained on four emerging destruction
technologies including the conversion of halons and CFCs
into unsaturated fluoromonomers, and the chemical
decomposition of methyl bromide
As destruction becomes more widespread, existing
guidelines may need to be revisited
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TEAP
Foams Technical Options Committee
Progress Report
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Non-Article 5 Countries


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HFC use is continuing to decline in the polyurethane (PU)
sector as hydrocarbon technologies continue to mature
Further optimisation of hydrocarbon technologies has
largely closed the gap in thermal performance with HFC
technologies
Transition out of HCFCs has been completed in the XPS
sector, with the primary choice being combinations of
saturated HFCs
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Non-Article 5 Countries (2)


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Short-lived (unsaturated) HFCs are being investigated in
a number of foam applications
The short-lived HFC-1234ze is already in commercial use
for PU One Component Foam (OCF)
The potential role of carbon finance has been actively
considered in both Europe and North America
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Article 5 countries (1)
• Accelerated HCFC phase-out under Decision XIX/6
continues to place pressure on the validation of HCFCalternatives suitable for developing countries
 Pilot projects are being conducted on key technology
options and some are close to completion. A recent
workshop confirmed the use of methyl formate in Brazil,
Australia and the USA in integral skin, specialty flexible
and most rigid foam applications
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Article 5 countries (2)



A pilot project in the polyurethane sector using methylal
is underway in Brazil
Pilot projects have been approved for HFC-1234ze in the
XPS sector in Turkey and for super-critical CO2 in PU
spray foam in Colombia
Pre-blended hydrocarbons may have a significant role to
play for smaller enterprises. Two pilot projects have been
approved
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Article 5 countries (3)
 The MLF ExCom has not approved a methodology for
quantifying the climate impacts of technology
transitions
 Pilot projects on the end-of-life management of
domestic refrigerators have been identified and are in
the process of development
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TEAP
Halons Technical Options Committee
Progress Report
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HTOC Progress Report




Four new halon alternatives will be included in the 2010
Assessment Report
Halon extinguishing agents are being encapsulated in
specialty paint in Russia
Halon 1301 continues to be produced in China and France
for feedstock use
There has been a further decline in recycling & recovery
operations in Article 5 countries
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Civil Aviation Safety

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
Contaminated halon first found on civil aircraft in Fall of
2009 has now been found on aircraft from other countries
Inconclusive testing of this contaminated halon 1211 has
identified a wide variety of substances including significant
concentrations of flammable refrigerants including
hydrocarbons
Investigation of alleged criminal activity is underway
HTOC members are working with the International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) and other authorities to
resolve the issue
HTOC working with industry to develop new test methods
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Response to Decision XXI/7
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
HTOC Co-chair participated in a 3-day meeting with
industry and government agencies at ICAO to discuss
the progress on eliminating halons in civil aviation
The Group developed draft Resolution text for the
37th ICAO General Assembly to consider a mandate to:



Replace halons in lavatories for new production aircraft in 2011
Replace halons in hand-helds for new production aircraft in 2014
Replace halons in engine nacelles and APUs in 2014 for aircraft
for which a new application type certification has been
submitted
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Response to Decision XXI/7
Urges States to issue guidance material for halon
alternatives and fire detection systems for cargo bays
 Encourages States to promote research on alternative
fire suppression systems
 Urges States to take note of their halon reserves and
to report back to the next Assembly
Dates are up to 3 years delayed from those originally
agreed, primarily because of implementation timeframes
required under the Chicago Convention
Industry subsequently requested a further 2-year delay to
2016 in order to test a low GWP alternative to halon 1211

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
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Response to Decision XXI/7


HTOC was instrumental in strengthening the draft
Resolution from “consider a mandate” to “establish a
mandate”
HTOC continues to work with the ICAO Secretariat on
other options that may reduce the draft timeframes
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TEAP
Methyl Bromide Technical Options
Committee
Progress Report
Co-chairs: Marcotte (SC), Pizano (QPS), Besri, Porter (S)
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31
Baselines and trends in MB consumption
for controlled uses, 1991-2008 (nA5/A5)
MB (metric tonnes)
60,000
50,000
40,000
Baseline non-A5
Baseline A 5
MB consumption non-A5
MB consumption A5
30,000
20,000
10,000
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
Year


Most Parties have made substantial progress in MB phaseout
2008 non-A5 consumption was 6,996 t or about 12% of the
baseline. A5 consumption was 5,395 t or 34 % of the baseline.
MB phaseout of controlled uses

The four Parties previously using 90% of non-A5
MB have reduced consumption in 2010 to:



11% (USA), 0% (EC), 8% (Israel) and 4% (Japan)
Israel will not submit CUNs after 2012 and Japan
will stop CUN requests for soil uses by 2013
MB phaseout by A5 Parties in 2008, compared to
the regional baselines (1995-1998 average), is:




Latin America:
Africa :
Asia :
CEIT region
51%
75%
72%
100%
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Progress in soil treatment Chemical alternatives


Chemical alternatives (1,3-D/Pic, chloropicrin,
metham sodium and metham potassium), used
alone and/or in combination with other
alternatives are now widely adopted in many
countries for many preplant soil applications
Adoption of methyl iodide and the 3 way fumigant
system 1,3-D/Pic/metham sodium is rapidly
decreasing global consumption and in the US is
significantly reducing CUNs.
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Progress in soil treatment Chemical alternatives (2)



Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is effective against a wide
range of nematodes but is less effective against soil borne
fungi and weeds.
Adoption of barrier films has expanded in Parties still
applying for CUE to MB, including Japan, Israel and the US
South Eastern states. California continues to prohibit
barrier films with MB
Formulation changes and improved application methods
increase the effectiveness of several alternatives (e.g., Pic
EC, 1,3-D/Pic EC)
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Progress in soil treatment –
Non-chemical alternatives


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

Grafting continues to be adopted in many countries, in
vegetables and cucurbits production. Research is underway in
the US to establish this technology on a wider scale .
Soil less culture continues to expand in the ornamental ,
vegetable and strawberry industries around the world.
Biofumigation has proven successful and is being adopted in
many countries e.g., Spain.
Solarisation is being adopted in many countries and is
particularly efficient when combined with other non chemical
and chemical alternatives .
Steaming methods are being improved to increase
effectiveness and economic feasibility
M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 0 m e e t i n g, 1 5 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 0, G e n e v a
Progress in Alternatives for
Structures and Commodities



Sulfuryl fluoride (SF) is a major alternative but with concerns:
 Regulatory approval of SF has stalled in the US and
Canada; some approvals have been revoked within the EU
 The high GWP of SF is comparable to that of CFC 11;
millers, food processers and their customers cite
environmental concerns about using SF
 Parties may wish to clarify if SF “labels” allow the use of
MB on packaged rice in Australia and dates in the US
International Maritime Organisation (IMO) approval will
increase the use of phosphine for in-transit fumigation
New models could expand the use of heat treatment
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Progress in Alternatives for
Structures and Commodities (2)

Special report on use of alternatives in UK mills:



Special report on pest control in dates:


All UK mills and food processors adopted intensive IPM to
minimize the need for a full site treatment and
implemented other non-MB treatments; consequently MB
is no longer used.
UK approach is applicable to US and Canada mills
MBTOC and USDA scientists investigated US date pest
control situation; USDA research not successful thus far,
but ongoing
All new, pertinent postharvest research summarized
M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 0 m e e t i n g, 1 5 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 0, G e n e v a
TEAP
Refrigeration, AC and Heat Pumps
Technical Options Committee
Progress Report
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39
Refrigeration AC and HP TOC




All “equipment” chapters have contributed to the XXI/9
Task Force report
Several RTOC experts from different chapters involved in
the high ambient HCFC replacement report
All material will be used in the 2010 Assessment Report
RTOC will hold two more meetings (Prague, August and
Hangzhou, December) to finalise this Assessment Report
M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 0 m e e t i n g, 1 5 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 0, G e n e v a
TEAP
Organisational Issues
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TEAP and TOC Organisation Issues




The 2010 TEAP/ TOC membership consists of about 50
Article 5 and 100 non-Article 5 experts
In response to Decision XXI/10, TEAP reorganised MBTOC
into three subcommittees: QPS, SC and Soils
Many non-Article 5 experts are struggling to get support
from governments and employers to travel to meetings or
to be compensated for their time
TEAP is urgently requesting all non-Article 5 governments,
industry associations, and enterprises to look once more
into all possibilities to fund costs for experts
M o n t r e a l P r o t o c o l O E W G - 3 0 m e e t i n g, 1 5 - 1 8 J u n e 2 0 1 0, G e n e v a
TEAP and TOC Organisation Issues (2)



TEAP Article 5 Co-Chair position
 Jose Pons-Pons has retired as TEAP Co-Chair but
continues as MTOC Co-Chair
 Marta Pizano has been nominated by Colombia as TEAP
Co-Chair
 TEAP supports this nomination
In 2010, K. Madhava Sarma (Senior Expert member) retired
from TEAP
Sweden has submitted a nomination for a TEAP Senior
Expert member
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