Chapter 5.2
Hazardous waste transport
TRP Chapter 5.2 1
Responsibilities of waste
generator
•Classify waste according to agreed definitions
•Package and label waste
•Select licensed transport contractor
•Create paper record
TRP Chapter 5.2 2
Transport controls
Transporter must check:
• wastes properly described
• wastes properly packed and
labelled
• compliance with regulations
Transport must be:
• By authorised contractor
• To authorised sites
Segregated wastes enable recycling
Source: Safe hazardous waste management systems ISWA 2002
TRP Chapter 5.2 3
Transportation permits
Waste movements need transport certificate
showing:
• origin
• destination
• identifying the load
Licensed contractors must have:
• approved vehicles
• trained drivers
• vehicles marked with the appropriate hazard
symbols
• emergency plan
TRP Chapter 5.2 4
Manifest systems 1:
basic principles
Manifest systems:
•
•
•
•
Provide a record of waste generated and its movement
Provide information for later disposal options
Serve as a “chain of custody” document
Carry signatures of the people handling the waste, to
encourage responsible behaviour
• Enable compliance with regulations
• Ensure duty of care is observed
• Increase responsibilities
TRP Chapter 5.2 5
Manifest systems 2:
State of Victoria, Australia
TRP Chapter 5.2 6
Dangerous goods regulations:
ADR
Movement of dangerous goods by air, water, road
and rail is subject to conditions, including:
• Classification of dangerous substances
• Packaging and labelling
• Suitability of the vehicle
• Proper training and qualifications for driver
• Information to be carried in the vehicle
• Emergency procedures to be followed
TRP Chapter 5.2 7
Other international regulations
• Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods
(UNR)
• International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO): shipment
by air
• International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG):
shipment by water
• United Nations Resolution on Traffic in Toxic and
Dangerous Products and Wastes
•
• Basel Convention on the Transboundary movement of
hazardous wastes
• Bamako Convention Ban on the Import into Africa and
Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of
Hazardous Wastes within Africa
TRP Chapter 5.2 8
Labelling
Oxidising
agent
Flammable
solid
Spontaneously
combsutible
Dangerous
when wet
TRP Chapter 5.2 9
Training and safety 1
• During loading and unloading, the brake must
be set and the engine stopped
• Closures, cargo and tailgates must be secured
• Contents must be kept dry & at prescribed
temperature
• Quantity limits must not be exceeded
• Careful handling to prevent rupture, leaks or
spills
TRP Chapter 5.2 10
Training and safety 2
Drivers/handlers must:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
be suitably qualified
not smoke, take drugs or alcohol
make inspections at set frequencies
know emergency procedures
attend cargo at all times
not exceed permitted working hours
use personal safety equipment
TRP Chapter 5.2 11
Vehicle design
• Appropriate for load
• Vehicle should be appropriate length, weight,
shape
• Tank material should be compatible with waste
• May be articulated or rigid
• Advantages of articulated vehicles:
– Easier to manoeuvre
– Can be separated into motor unit & trailer
– Ease of repair
TRP Chapter 5.2 12
Tankers and waste compatibility
Tank material or lining
Suitable waste type
Rubber lined
Hydrochloric acid
Stainless steel
Nitric acid
Mild steel, aluminium or Oil, fats, petroleum and
canvas
non corrosive materials
Mild steel, aluminium
Solvents (not chlorinated
solvents)
TRP Chapter 5.2 13
Behaviour of liquid wastes
Centrifugal (Sideways)
Behaviour of liquid wastes during vehicle manoeuvres
Source: HER MAJESTY’S STATIONARY OFFICE (HMSO), Hazardous Waste
Control, Transport considerations, Work Unit 4, 1986
TRP Chapter 5.2 14
Hazardous waste transport:
tanks 1
Tank for flammable and combustible liquids and gases
TRP Chapter 5.2 15
Hazardous waste transport:
tanks 2
Tank truck delivering to physico-chemical facility, Germany
Source: Safe hazardous waste management systems ISWA 2002
TRP Chapter 5.2 16
Hazardous waste transport:
containers
Portable 70,000 litres poly-lined steel tank
TRP Chapter 5.2 17
Emergency response
Risk management systems aim to:
·Reduce of the probability of accident occurring
·Minimise the consequences of an accident
Transporting vehicles should have:
•First aid equipment
•Fire extinguisher according to substance carried
•Trained personnel
TRP Chapter 5.2 18
Emergency actions
• Switch off engine
• First assess the situation
• Is help needed? Call emergency services
• Use protective equipment
• Have fire extinguisher ready
• Extinguish naked lights
• Check for leaks
• Contain or dilute spillage
TRP Chapter 5.2 19
Emergency response:
Hazchem code
The Hazchem code provides advice on:
 The medium to be used in combating a
dangerous goods incident
 Whether to contain or dilute the material
 Any possible violent reaction and any hazards
posed to the local population
 Protective equipment that must be worn by
people combating the incident
• Whether evacuation should be considered
TRP Chapter 5.2 20
Emergency response: UK Tremcard
TRP Chapter 5.2 21
Emergency response: HAMER system
• System intended for hazardous chemicals, which
are more commonly transported than hazardous
wastes
• Sensible to integrate hazardous wastes into same
system
• Aims to reduce the consequences of accidents
The design and operation of a HAMER system is complex :
• accidents are rare
• decisions affect many stakeholders
• time pressure of emergency decisions
• information sources are many and widespread
• requires co-operation and co-ordination of multiple actors
TRP Chapter 5.2 22
Chapter 5.2 Summary
Waste generator and waste transporter each have
responsibilities
Hazardous waste transport must comply with
regulations, including international ones
Proper labelling is vital
Manifest systems enable tracking of waste
shipments throughout
Emergency response procedures must be in place
TRP Chapter 5.2 23