MIS Discipline
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
Director of TODAİE eGovernment Center
tbensghir@gmail.com
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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About Concept-MIS
• What is MIS?
– Management
– Information
– Systems
• Not simply computer science, management
science, organizational behavioral, economics
modeling, etc…
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Management Information Systems
(MIS)
• is the study of people, technology, and
organizations.
• Many people think that MIS is all
programming. However, programming is just a
small part of our curriculum and there are
many, many jobs in MIS where you do not
program.
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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MIS students
• learn how businesses use information to
improve the company’s operations.
• Students also learn how to manage various
information systems so that they best serve
the needs of managers, staff and customers.
• MIS students learn how to create systems for
finding and storing data and they learn about
computer databases, networks, computer
security, and lots more.
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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The difference between
MIS and CS (computer science)
ECE (electrical computer engineering
MIS (management information
systems)
CS (computer science)
Focus
Organization
Software
Product
Objective
More efficient or effective business
Reliable computer program
Improved engineered product
Core skill
Problem solving
Logic/procedures
Engineering
Core task
Determine business requirements for Deliver information systems to meet
information systems
defined requirements
Determine information processing
requirements of devices
Theoretical vs. applied
Balanced
Applied
Balanced
Generic job title
Analyst/Designer
Builder
Architect and Builder
Typical starting job title
Business systems analyst
Application programmer
Engineer
Career goals
Senior organizational manager
Programming manager
Senior engineering or product
manager
College home
Business
Science
Engineering
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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What kind of people pursue MIS?
• MIS is the ONLY major that focuses on both
business processes and information technology.
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Are good problem solvers
Like to work with people
Can think strategically about technology
Like responsibility for developing and then
implementing their ideas
Can bridge both technology and business
Can see both details and the big picture
Are excellent communicators
Can manage time and resources well
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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What jobs do MIS graduates go into?
• MIS professionals are the "communication
bridge" between business needs and technology.
• This means that you will have to understand how
to figure out how things work, solve problems,
find things out, communicate what you found,
and learn a lot of new things on a regular basis.
It's a dynamic field, and it takes dynamic people
to do well in it.
• People who can think fast, work hard, and
balance a lot of things should really think about
MIS.
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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What jobs do MIS graduates go into?
• Business Analyst
• Business Application Developer
• IT Consultant
• Systems Analyst
• IT Development Project Leader
• Database Administrator
• Business Intelligence Analyst
• Systems Developer
• Database Analyst
• Web Developer
• Network Administrator
• Technical Support Specialist
• Information Systems Manager
• IT User Liaison
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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MIS: The more important reasons are:
http://mis.eller.arizona.edu/careers/what_is_mis.asp
High placement rate
Information systems are more strategically
important now than ever and individuals
who understand information systems and
business are in high demand. Our MIS
students have a placement rate of 95%
within two months of graduation!
High salaries
Top MIS graduates command very
competitive salaries. The average total
compensation for IT jobs is around
$120,640 (Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-2013
Edition)
Job satisfaction
Management Information Systems
professionals make a significant contribution
to the competitiveness and well-being of the
organizations in which they work. They also
help people and interact with a variety of
personalities and levels of
management/staff.
Fun
MIS majors are intelligent and dynamic
people who can interface well with both
humans and machines. They enjoy working
with people and are able to communicate
well.
Challenge
The rapid rate of change in the information
systems world provides professionals with
constant opportunities to learn and grow.
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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MIS Departments Focus on:
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MIT: economics, social, IT consulting
CMU: economics, MS/OR, social
UT Austin: economics, MS/OR
Arizona: system, technical
Minnesota: behavioral, organizational
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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The Main MIS Journals
• MISQ: Behavioral/Organizational
• Information Systems Research:
Behavioral,/Organizational, Economics, some
Systems
• Management Science: MS, Modeling, some
Systems
• J of MIS: Behavioral/Organizational, Economics,
some Systems
• Decision Support Systems: mostly Systems
• Others: Decision Sciences, Information Systems,
etc.
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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• ACM: CACM (IT), ACM Trans. On Information
Systems (IR)
• IEEE: Computer (IT), TKDE (database), SMC
(cybernetics), TITB (biomedicine), Technology
Management, Intelligent Systems (AI)
• ASIS: JASIST
• Other technical journals: IJHCS, IPM, JBI, etc.
• Others: Many in Economics, Management,
Management Science, Accounting, Finance,
Marketing, etc.
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Major MIS Conference: ICIS
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Managed by AIS
1000-1400 participants from US, Europe, and Asia
High quality papers, job search
20 tracks, major submissions in behavioral,
organizational, economics tracks
• ICIS 2008, Paris
• ICIS 2009, Phoenix, Arizona; Conference Chairs:
Nunamaker and Currie; Program Chairs: Chen and
Slaughter
• New tracks: Web 2.0, Web Mining, Service
Computing, Biomedical, etc.
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Future and Opportunities
• MIS curriculum needs to be relevant to
management (business subject courses,
organizations), information (DBMS, data mining,
knowledge management, Web contents),
systems (supply-chain, ERP, Internet, Web 2.0
apps)
• MIS scholars need to go beyond MIS and
compete in the broader academic world (CS,
Economics, Management, etc.)
• MIS research needs to be relevant and useful to
businesses
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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• Curriculum: Some business and behavioral
courses; Need many hands-on database, web
computing, business systems (CRM, ERP)
courses; Need hand-on development projects
and interns
• Research: What are the emerging topics (Web
2.0, forums/blogs, etc.)? ,
• Impact: Work with other subject experts
(business, biomedicine, security, etc.); Identify
and solve new problems; Is it news-worthy
(NYT, USA Today, Newsweek)?
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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MIS History:
Department at Univ.
• Minesota Univ. de MIS
Department, 1965
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University of Minnesota,
founded in 1975
• University of Arizona,
founded in 1977
• Turkey:
– Boğaziçi MIS,1995
– Başkent MIS, 1996
Founding Fathers
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Dr. Gordon Davis, U of Minnesota  Behavioral
and Organizational Research
Dr. Jay Nunamaker, U. of Arizona  Systems and
Technical Research
Dr. Andy Whinston, U. of Texas at Austin, Purdue
U.  Economics and Modeling Research
Peter Keen,1980 First IS Confe. MIS Discipline
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Lacity, 1980, Journal of Management
Information Sistems , paradigma of MIS-Study
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Jenkins, 1985, MIS Methodological Problems
Orlikowski, 1989, MIS-lack of Theory
Landry ve Banvilla, 1992, MIS -Multi- methods
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Alavi ve Carlson , 2001 Pozitivist Approach MIS study
Baskerville ve Myers 2000, reference discipline
Benbasat ve Zmud, 2003, MIS Identiy Crisis
Wade, Biehl ve Kim, 2004 MIS baby period
Baskerville ve Myers 2009, MIS fashion fade
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Alavi, M.ve Carlson, P. (1992) “A review of MIS Research and disciplinary
development”J of MIS, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Spring, 1992), pp. 45-62
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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MIS/IS Theories
http://www.fsc.yorku.ca/york/istheory/wiki/index.php/Main_Page
Bilgi Tabanlı Organizasyon Kuramı (Knowledge-based theory of the firm )
Birleştirilmiş Teknoloji Kabul Modeli –UTAUT (Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology )
Delone and McLean BS Başarı Modeli (Delone ve McLean IS success model )
Enformasyon İşleme Kuramı (Information processing theory )
Genel Sistem Kuramı (General systems theory)
İşlem Maliyet Kuramı (Transaction cost economics )
Kaos Kuramı (Chaos theory)
Karmaşıklık Kuramı (Complexity theory )
Kaynak Bağımlılığı Kuramı (Resource dependency theory)
Koşul Bağımlılık Kuramı (Contingency theory)
Kritik Sosyal Kuramı Critical social theory
Kurumsal Kuram (Institutional theory)
Oyun Kuramı (Game theory )
Örgütsel Bilgi Yaratma Kuramı (Organizational knowledge creation)
Örgütsel Enformasyon İşleme Kuramı (Organizational information processing theory )
Örgütsel Kültür Kuramı (Organizational culture theory )
Sosyal Ağ Kuramı (Social network theory)
Sosyal Sermaye Kuramı (Social capital theory)
Sosyo-Teknik Kuram (Socio-technical theory)
Süreç Görselleme Kuramı (Process virtualization theory)
Teknoloji Kabul Modeli (Technology acceptance model)
Yenilikçiliğin Yayılması Kuramı (Diffusion of innovations theory)
Yorumsamacı Kuram (Hermeneutics)
Yönetimde Moda Kuram (Management fashion theory)
Prof. Dr. Türksel Kaya Bensghir-TODAİE
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Management Information Systems
• MIS
– The study of information systems focusing on their
use in business and management.
• Approaches
– Technical
– Behavioural
– Sociotechnical
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Approaches to MIS
TECHNICAL APPROACHES
COMPUTER
OPERATIONS
SCIENCE
RESEARCH
MANAGEMENT
SCIENCE
MIS
SOCIOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
SOCIOTECHNICAL
BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Baskerville ve Myers (2002)
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Why is IS Important?
• For an organisation to survive and prosper
– More locations (networking, Internet)
– New products and services
– Improve jobs and work flows:
• Efficiency
• Cost
• Ethical and social issues
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Why is IS Important?
• Worldwide changes:
– Global economy
– Knowledge- or information-based society
– Business enterprise
– Digital firm
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Global Economy
• Growing percentage of economy relies upon
import and export
• Need to operate globally
• IS can provide global trading infrastructure
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Information Economy
70%
60%
% SERVICE
50%
% WHITE COLLAR
40%
% BLUE COLLAR
30%
% FARMING
20%
10%
0%
YEAR
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Changes to Society
• Change of employment profiles:
– Less farming
– Less ‘blue collar’ – manufacturing
– Increased service
– Increased ‘white collar’ – office-based
• USA: 55% of work force are in knowledge- or
information-based activities
• Shift of manufacture to low-wage countries
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Business Enterprise
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Change from hierarchical organisations
Now flat, decentralised
Relies on instant information
Flexibility with customer focus, with increasing
importance
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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Digital Firm
• An organisation where:
– Nearly all relationships with customers, suppliers
and employees is digital
– Business processes accomplished through digital
networks
• Flexible
• Dependent upon on IT
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to
Enterprise Applications
Traditional View of Systems
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to
Enterprise Applications
Enterprise Systems
INTEGRATING FUNCTIONS AND BUSINESS PROCESSES: Introduction to
Enterprise Applications
Benefits of Enterprise Systems
• Help to unify the firm’s structure and organization:
One organization
• Management: Firm wide knowledge-based
management processes
• Technology: Unified platform
• Business: More efficient operations & customerdriven business processes
Challenges of Enterprise Systems
• Difficult to build: Require fundamental changes in
the way the business operates
• Technology: Require complex pieces of software
and large investments of time, money, and
expertise
• Centralized organizational coordination and
decision making: Not the best way for the firms to
operate
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
• Close linkage and coordination of activities
involved in buying, making, and moving a
product
• Integrates supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and
customer logistics time
• Reduces time, redundant effort, and inventory
costs
• Network of organizations and business
processes
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
• Helps in procurement of materials,
transformation of raw materials into intermediate
and finished products
• Helps in distribution of the finished products to
customers
• Includes reverse logistics - returned items flow in
the reverse direction from the buyer back to the
seller
Information from Supply Chain Management Systems helps firms:
• Decide when and what to produce, store,
and move
• Rapidly communicate orders
• Track the status of orders
• Check inventory availability and monitor
inventory levels
Information from Supply Chain Management Systems helps firms:
(Continued)
• Reduce inventory, transportation, and
warehousing costs
• Track shipments
• Plan production based on actual customer
demand
• Rapidly communicate changes in product design
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
• Manages all ways used by firms to deal with
existing and potential new customers
• Business and technology discipline
• Uses information system to coordinate entire
business processes of a firm
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) (Continued)
• Provides end- to- end customer care
• Provides a unified view of customer across the
company
• Consolidates customer data from multiple
sources and provides analytical tools for
answering questions
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Knowledge Management Systems
• Collects relevant knowledge and make it available
wherever and whenever it is needed
• Support business processes and management
decisions
• Also link the firm to external sources of
knowledge
• Support processes for acquiring, storing,
distributing, and applying knowledge
Information Technology Capital Investment
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
• How IS transforming business
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Increased technology investments
IS provide economic value to business
Increased responsiveness to customer demands
Shifts in media and advertising and commerce
New federal security and accounting laws required
• Globalization opportunities
• Internet reduced costs of operating, on global scale
• Customers and firms
• Using foreign markets, easily replicate service
• E.g. Google and ebay
The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
• Emerging digital firm
– It’s significant business relationships are digitally
enabled and mediated
– It’s core business processes are accomplished
through digital networks
– Key corporate assets are managed digitally
• Digital firms offer greater flexibility in
organization and management
– Time shifting, space shifting
business process
• Business process : tasks, rules, behaviors that
been developed to produce business results.
• eg.
– Developing new product
– Creating market plan
– Hiring an employee
• Considered source of competitive strength
• IS automate many business process
The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
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Business firms invest heavily in information systems to
achieve six strategic business objectives:
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Operational excellence
New products, services, and business models
Customer and supplier intimacy
Improved decision making
Competitive advantage
Survival
The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
• Operational excellence:
– Improvement of efficiency of operation to
attain higher profitability
– Information technology tool to achieving
greater efficiency and productivity
>Practice business and management behavior
based on IT.
– E.g. Wal-Mart’s RetailLink system links
suppliers to stores for superior replenishment
system
The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
• New products, services, and business
models:
– Business model: describes how company
produces, delivers, and sells product or
service to create wealth
– Information systems and technology a major
enabling tool for new products, services,
business models
• E.g. Apple’s iPod, iTunes and Netflix’s Internetbased DVD rentals
• Customer and supplier intimacy:
– Serving customers well leads to customers
returning, which raises revenues and profits
• E.g. High-end hotels that use computers to track
customer preferences and use to monitor and
customize environment
– Intimacy with suppliers allows them to
provide vital inputs, which lowers costs
• E.g. J.C.Penney’s information system which links
sales records to contract manufacturer
The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
• Improved decision-making
– Without accurate information:
• Managers must use forecasts, best guesses, luck
• Leads to:
– Overproduction, underproduction of goods and services
– Misallocation of resources
– Poor response times
• Poor outcomes raise costs, lose customers
– IS provide real-time data for making decisions
– E.g. Verizon’s Web-based digital dashboard to provide
managers with real-time data on customer complaints,
network performance, line outages, etc.
MIS Discipline -Future
Somers (2010) Using the theory of the professions to understand the IS identity crisis, EJIS,
Vol. 19, 382-388.
Walsham, G. (2012) Are we making a better world with ICTs? Reflections on a future
agenda for the IS field, Jof IT, Vol.27, 87-93.
Türkiye özelinde nasıl bir çalısma yapabiliriz?
(Mehmet Aydın)
Serenko, A. ve Jiao, C. (2012) Investigating Information Systems Research
in Canada, Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences- Revue canadienne des sciences de l’administration 29
3–24 (2012)
Thank you...
Prof. Dr. Türksel KAYA BENSGHİR
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