Mahatma Gandhi
NREGA
th
13
July 11
Structure
1. Assets created
2. Summary of Independent evaluation studies
3. Performance: National Overview
4. Implementation Challenges
5. Initiatives under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Number of works completed
(06-07 to 10-11)
Works/ Category
Total Completed Works
Rural Connectivity
12,81,925
Flood Control and Protection { Drainage in wager logged areas ,
Construction & repair of embankment}
3,11,810
Water Conservation and Water Harvesting { Digging of new
tanks/Ponds , percolation tanks , Small Check Dams}
17,34,604
Drought Proofing {Afforestation and tree plantation }
4,13,227
Micro Irrigation Works { Minor Irrigation canals}
4,98,985
Provision of Irrigation facility to Land Owned by { SC/ ST/ BPL/ S
& MF, Beneficiaries of land reform & IAY }
11,15,741
Renovation of Traditional Water bodies {Desilting of
tanks/ponds , old canals , traditional open well}
5,77,482
Land Development {Plantation , Land leveling}
Total Completed works
11,76,997
72,73,718
Study area
Institute/
(State/Region/District)
Organisation
Panna,
Indian Institute of
Chhindwara, Dhar, Forest
Ujjain (MP), 2010 Management
(IIFM), Bhopal,
2010
Main Findings
Irrigated land area increased by 26%
(Panna), 18.5%(Chhindwara,) 35%(Dhar)
and 30%( Ujjain)
Cropped area under wheat & gram has
increased.
Increase in income from Rabi crop varied
from 15% to 117%
Chitradurga
Indian Institute of Reduction
in
vulnerability
(water,
(Karnataka), 2009- Science,
Agriculture & livelihood)index.
10
Bangalore
Increase in groundwater level, water
(EPW, May 14th, percolation and improvement in soil fertility
2011)
&land productivity
Chitradurga,
University
of Water Conservation works led to
Davanagere,
Agricultural
improvement in water table by 50 to 100 ft
Shimoga
and Sciences,
in all 4 districts.
Hassan (Karnataka) Bangalore, 2009
4
Effect on Migration
Study area
(State/Region/District)
Institute/
Organisation
Sirohi,
Karauli NIRD
(Rajasthan) 2010
Main Findings
42% decline in migration noticed
in Sirohi & 57% in Karauli
Rohtas, Gaya, Nalanda, Institute of Human Incidence of Migration from
Kishangaj, Supaul and Development
beneficiary households reduced by
Samastipur
(Bihar)
15.79%
between
2006-08.
2009
Maximum reduction found in Gaya
(35.71%)
Sidhi (MP) & Orissa Centre for Science and Migration reduced by around 60%
(Nuapada), 2009
Environment (CSE)
due to availability of work under
MGNREGA in Jan-February and
summer month
5
Economic Impact
Study area
(State/Region/District)
Khasi
Megahlaya
Institute/
Organisation
Main findings
Hill, Martin
Luther Implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi
Christian
NREGA has led to increase in the cash flow
University, 2010 range from 13% to 32%
Tribal regions of
Chhattisgarh,
Orissa, Jharkhand
and
Andhra
Pradesh
Council
for Beneficiaries of MGNREGA could construct
Social
house on their own as a result of additional
Development,
income from Mahatma Gandhi NREGA work.
2010
The proportion of such HHs was as high as
21.7% in Chitradurga and 21.67% in
Malkangiri.
Tribal regions of
Chhattisgarh,
Orissa, Jharkhand
& Andhra Pradesh
Council
for In the districts Gaya, Dang, Chitradurga,
Social
Gumla, Gondia, Lalitpur and Sonbhadra about
Development,
60 to 98% of the money earned was used for
2010
procurement of food grains & other
consumable items
6
NSSO
Particular
Institute/
Organisation
Main findings
64th Round of NSSO, M/oSPI Wage rate for casual labour in public works under
NSSO
July
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA was Rs 78.91 which
2007-June 2008
was Rs 18.58 higher than the wage rates in other
public works in rural areas.
Wage rate was Rs 79.00 for both male and female
for casual labour in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
public works.
Reduced difference in the male-female wage rates
for casual labours in rural areas vis-a vis urban
areas. [The difference was Rs 18 in rural areas
and Rs 35 in urban areas]
7
NSSO panel survey on MGNREGA (AP, MP, Rajasthan)
Particular
Institute/
Organisation
NSSO Jan- NSSO,
June, 2010 M/oSPI
Main findings
1. About 77% HH in AP, 44% HH in MP and 86% HH in
Rajasthan reported that their level of living improved
due to participation in MGNREGA
2. About 60% of HH in AP, 86% HH in MP and 98% HH in
Rajasthan used assets created under MGNREGA
3. In all the three states, HHs who participated in the
MGNREGA belonged to relatively lower MPCE class.
Their MPCE ranged from 971 in AP, 589 in MP to 948
in Rajasthan.
4. About 35% household in AP, 28 % in MP and 16% in
Rajasthan are aware about Grievance redressal
mechanism
5. 26% HH in AP, 68% HH in MP and 57% HH in Rajasthan
8
reported that Gram Sabha was held during 2008-9
Increase in Groundwater level & Area irrigated
Area Irrigated
Study by Indian Institute of Science on Quantification of Environmental Services towards climate change adaptation in Chitradurg, Karnataka
Performance: National
Overview
Employment Provided
120
100
100
90
84
80
60
52.6
54.9
54
48
45.1
47
40
20
0
Employment provided to HHs (In
Millon)
(FY 2008-09)
Average PD per HH (Days)
(FY 2009-10)
Average wage per day
(FY 2010-11)
Persondays Generated (PD)
300.0
284
FY 2010-11
SC & ST participation rate: 51%
Women participation rate: 48%
257
250.0
216
200.0
145
150.0
118
136
132
123
104
100.0
50.0
0.0
Total PD (In Crore)
(FY 2008-09)
SC & ST PD (In Crore)
(FY 2009-10)
Women PD (In Crore)
(FY 2010-11)
Financial Performance
60000
54172
49579
50000
40000
39377
37905
37397
35769
Central Release (Rs Cr)
33507
30000
29940
Total available fund (Rs.
Cr)
Expenditure (Rs. Cr)
27250
20000
10000
0
(FY 2008-09)
(FY 2009-10)
(FY 2010-11)
Wage Material Ratio
40000
1241
1800
Admin. Exp. (Rs. Cr)
Material Exp. (Rs. Cr)
35000
11084
11891
Wage Exp. (Rs. Cr)
30000
949
25000
8101
20000
FY 2010-11
15000
10000
25579
25687
18200
5000
0
(FY 2008-09)
(FY 2009-10)
(FY 2010-11)
Wage Exp.
- 68%
Material Exp. - 32%
Admin Exp.
- 4.5%
National Overview: Works (FY 2010-11)
1.06, 2% 0.17, 0%
7.04, 14%
Water conservation:
24.26, 48%
Provision of Irrigation facility
to land owned by SC/ST/ BPL/
S & MF and IAY benificiaries:
Rural Connectivity:
9.31, 18%
Land Development:
Any other activity:
9.15, 18%
Bharat Nirman Rajiv Gandhi
Seva Kendra:
Number of Works in Lakhs
Increase in Wage rate
S.No.
States
1HARYANA
2CHANDIGARH
3A & N
4KERALA
5LAKSHADWEEP
6MIZORAM
7GOA
8D & N Haveli
9DAMAN & DIU
10ANDHRA PRADESH
11ASSAM
12BIHAR
13CHHATTISGARH
14GUJARAT
15HIMACHAL PRADESH
16JAMMU AND KASHMIR
17KARNATAKA
18MADHYA PRADESH
19MAHARASHTRA
20MEGHALAYA
21NAGALAND
22PUNJAB
23RAJASTHAN
24SIKKIM
25TAMIL NADU
26TRIPURA
27UTTAR PRADESH
28UTTRANCHAL
29WEST BENGAL
30PONDICHERRY
31JHARKHAND
32ORISSA
33MANIPUR
34ARUNACHAL
Notified Wage Rate under MGNREGA
Revised
FY: 2006-07 FY: 2007-08 FY: 2008-09 FY: 2009-10 wage rate % Increase
99.21
135
141.02
141.02
179
26.93
140
140
174
24.29
130-139
130-139
170-181
30.22
125
125
125
125
150
20.00
115
115
138
20.00
91
91
110
110
129
17.27
110
110
138
25.45
108.2
108.2
138
27.54
102
102
126
23.53
80
80
80
100
121
21.00
66
76.35
79.6
100
130
30.00
68
77
89
100
120
20.00
62.63
62.63
75
100
122
22.00
50
50
100
100
124
24.00
75
75
100
100-125
120-150
20.00
70
69
63
47
70
66
93-105
73
85
80
60
58
73
69.43
70
74
85
66-72
70
100
93-106
73
85
80
60
58
73
69.43
76.68
55
72.4
55-57
76.68
70
81.4
65-67
70
82
91
66-72
70
100
93-105
100
100
80
85
100
100
75
80
92
70
81.4
65-67
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
90
81.4
80
121
125
122
127
117
118
124-130
119
118
119
118
120
120
130
119
120
125
126
118
21.00
25.00
22.00
27.00
17.00
18.00
23.81
19.00
18.00
19.00
18.00
20.00
20.00
30.00
19.00
21.21
38.89
54.79
47.50
Min.
Agricultural
wage
167
170
156-167
200
121
132
157
130
126
125
87
109
105
100
110
110
134
110
110-120
100
80
143
135
100
85-100
100
100
114
96
100
111
90
81
80
States highlighted
in yellow have
MGNREGA wage
rate below
Minimum
agriculture wage
rate.
Changes in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA notified wage rates
Dates
Details
1 Jan 2009
Shifted from Section 6 (1) to Section 6 (2)
July 2009
Finance Minster’s announcement in budget speech: “committed to
provide a real wage of Rs.100 a day as an entitlement under the
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA”.
Dec 2009
Policy Announced
Category 1: for those States which were below Rs. 100, wage rate
to be Rs. 100
Category 2: For others, wage rate= minimum notified wage as on
1-Apr-2009.
During Year 2010
Revision of wage rates of category 1 States upto Rs. 100 (on
submission of a proposal)
1 Jan 2011
MGNREGA wage rate linked with CPI-AL
March, 2009 index & notified wage rate as base and
Index of Nov-2010 used for revision of MGNREGA notified wages.
A Committee headed by Dr Pranab Sen has been appointed
Increase in MGNREGA wage rates in some States
121
120
100
80
80
80
76.7
73
69.4
68
63
58
55
Mar-07
92
76.7
100
73
75
69.4
89
77
91
85
119
99
100
100
100
JHARKHAND
130
120
122
120
100
58
70
70
90
Mar-08
Mar-09
Mar-10
RAJASTHAN
WB
BIHAR
MP
UP
100
100
AP
125
Revised wage rate
(1/1/2011)
ORISSA
Challenges
Implementation Challenges
• Social & Political structure not conducive for easy access of
rights to poor
• Lack of awareness about rights & entitlements & Workers’
inability to submit written applications & demand work
• Inadequate Grievance redressal mechanism
• In adequate access to banking infrastructure: Delay in wage
payment
• Timely Fund Release
• Strengthening capacity for planning
• MIS to be revamped
• Making assets more durable and productive without disturbing
the 60:40 ratio through convergence
20
Implementation Challenges
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Strengthening capacity of staff at National and State level
Quality & capacity for Social Audits
Policy for wage rate revision.
Leakages, Ghost workers
Simplification of guidelines, reduction in paper work
Portfolio of works
Convergence with other schemes/ programmes
21
Initiatives
Initiatives Taken
• Professional staff at GP level- Panchayat
Development Officer and a Junior Engineer in selected
GP’s
• Biometric enabled ICT project: RFQ under process
(biometric data for authentication of MGNREGA
processes to be UID compliant).
• Indexation of MGNREGA wages to the price level
using the CPIAL.
• Audit Rules: Audit of Schemes (Incl. Social Audit) Rules
notified.
New New
Initiatives
Initiatives
proposed
1. Deployment of professional teams at National and State
level
2. GIS based planning and monitoring: Background paper
prepared
3. Synergy with National Rural livelihood Mission.
THANKS…