Modern Chemistry
Chapter 7
Chemical Formulas and
Chemical Compounds
Sections 1, 3 & 4
Chemical Names and Formulas
Using Chemical Formulas
Determining Chemical Formulas
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
1
Chapter Vocabulary
Monatomic ion
Binary compound
Nomenclature
Oxyanion
Salt
Formula Mass
Percent Composition
Empirical Formula
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
2
Section 1
Chemical Names
and Formulas
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
3
Chemical Formula
Eight carbon
atoms in the
molecule
Eighteen
hydrogen atoms
in the molecule
Molecular compounds – for one molecule
Ionic compounds – for one formula unit; the
simplest ratio of cations to anions
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
4
Chemical Formula
2 Al atoms
4 O atoms
3 SO4 ions
5 ions – two Al 3+ ions and three (SO4)
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
2-
ions
5
Definitions
• Hydrocarbon – compounds containing
hydrogen and carbon
• Binary Compound – compound with
only two types of atoms
• Nomenclature – a naming system
• Oxyanions – negative polyatomic ions
with oxygen in them
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
6
Definitions
• Monatomic ions – ions formed from a
single atom
• For negative monatomic ions, -ide is
added to the root name
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
7
How can I tell if the compound
is ionic or covalent ????
Ionic compounds
contain
a
metal
and/or
a
polyatomic ion !!!
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
8
Writing Fomulas and Naming
Ionic Compounds
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
9
Charges on Monatomic Ions
+
1
2+
+
3
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
32 1
10
Charges on Transition Metals
Ag
Zn
Cu
Fe/Cr
Sn
Pb
1+
2+
1+
2+
2+
2+
or
or
or
or
2+
3+
4+
4+
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
11
Charges of Metals
PbO2 and PbO
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
12
Polyatomic Ions Page 226
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
13
Formulas
Ionic Compounds
1. Write the symbols
2. Determine the charges
1. Monatomic ions from the periodic table
2. Transition metals from a roman numeral
3. Polyatomic ions from a chart on p. 226
3. Cross the charges.
4. Reduce to lowest ratio.
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
14
Names
Ionic Compounds
1. Write the cation name.
2. Write the anion name.
• Add –ide to the anion if monatomic
3. Add the roman numeral for any
transition or group 14 metal.
4. NO PREFIXES!!!!
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
15
Ionic Binary Compounds
FORMULAS
Aluminum Oxide
3+
(3+ x
2
) + (2- x
2-
3 )=0
Al2O3
(charge x subscript)+(charge x subscript) = 0
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
16
FORMULAS
Ionic Binary Compounds
Aluminum Oxide
3+
2-
Al2O3
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
17
NAMING
Ionic BinaryCompounds
Mg3N2
ide
Magnesium Nitrogen
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
18
Practice Page 223
1. Write formulas for the binary ionic compounds
formed between the following elements:
a. potassium and iodine
b. magnesium and chlorine
c. sodium and sulfur
d. aluminum and sulfur
e. aluminum and nitrogen
2. Name the binary ionic compounds indicated by
the following formulas:
a. AgCl
e. BaO
b. ZnO
f. CaCl2
c. CaBr2
d. SrF2
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
19
FORMULAS
Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals
Iron (III) Chloride
3+
(3+ x
- x
)
+
(1
1
1-
3 )=0
FeCl3
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
20
FORMULAS
Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals
Tin (II) Oxide
2+
(2+ x
- x
)
+
(2
1
2-
1 )=0
SnO
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
21
FORMULAS
Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals
Tin (II) Oxide
2+
2-
SnO
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
22
Practice Page 225
1. Write the formula and give the name for
the compounds formed between the
following ions:
a. Cu 2+ and Br −
d. Hg 2+ and S 2−
b. Fe 2+ and O 2−
e. Sn 2+ and F −
c. Pb 2+ and Cl −
f. Fe 3+ and O 2−
2. Give the names for the following
compounds:
a. CuO
c. SnI4
b. CoF3
d. FeS
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
23
NAMING
Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals
PbO
( 2+ x 1 ) + ( 2 - x 1 ) = 0
Lead
II
Oxygen
ide
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
24
FORMULAS
Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
Ammonium Sulfate
+
(1+ x
2
) + (2- x
2-
1 )=0
(NH4)2SO4
Parenthesis are needed if the p. ion has a subscript
from the crossed charge – outside the ( ).
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
25
NAMING
Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
Ca(NO3)2
Calcium Nitrate
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
26
Practice Page 227
1. Write formulas for the following ionic
compounds:
a. sodium iodide
e. copper(II) sulfate
b. calcium chloride
f. sodium carbonate
c. potassium sulfide
g. calcium nitrite
d. lithium nitrate
h. potassium perchlorate
2. Give the names for the following compounds:
a. Ag2O
b. Ca(OH)2
c. KClO3
d.NH4OH
e. Fe2(CrO4)3
f. KClO
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
27
Writing Fomulas and Naming
Molecular Compounds
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
28
Prefixes for Covalent
p. 228
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
29
Molecular Compound
Formulas
1. Write the symbols.
2. Use prefixes for subscripts.
3. DON’T reduce.
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
30
Names
Molecular Compound
1. Write the name of the elements.
– Order: Smaller group number first;
– Same group? Greater period number
first.
2. Add –ide to the second element.
3. Add prefixes to each element for the
number of atoms.
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
31
FORMULAS
Binary Molecular Compounds
Disulfur difluoride
S2F2
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
32
NAMING
Binary Molecular Compounds
di nitrogen
tetra oxygen
ide
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
33
Practice Page 229
1. Name the following binary molecular
compounds:
a. SO3
b. ICl3
c. PBr5
2. Write formulas for the following
compounds:
a. carbon tetraiodide
b. phosphorus trichloride
c. dinitrogen trioxide
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
34
Acids and Salts
• Acids – Chapter 14
• Binary Acids – two elements; hydrogen
and one other element
• Oxyacids – contain hydrogen, one
other element and oxygen
• Acid – a solution of the compound in
water.
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
35
Acids and Salts
• Salt – an ionic compound
• Made from
– the cation of a base and
– the anion of an acid
• Some retain an H in the anion
– Example: CO3 2- carbonate
HCO3 1- hydrogen carbonate
or bicarbonate
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
36
Salt Definition Animation
p. 230
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
37
List of Acids
p. 230
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
38
Section 1 Homework
Section Review Page 231 #1-5
Ch 7 Sec 1 Chemical Names &
Formulas pages 219-231
39