World War I
K-W-L
Please complete your K-W-L chart in your bell
work. Use the images on this page to help
complete the chart. You will also need to
think back to our past chapter.
Vocabulary
• Navy – a fleet of ships
• Assassination – the murder of
someone
• Alliances – a formal agreement or
treaty between two or more nations
to cooperate for a specific purposes
Vocabulary
• Imperialism- When larger and more powerful
countries take over smaller colonies and countries
to make up an Empire.
• Militarism- The development and collection of
weapons to prepare for war or conflict
• Tension – a strain or hostility between people or
groups of people
Vocabulary
Casualties – people who are killed or injured
during a battle
Propaganda- organized or spreading of certain
ideas
Neutral – not supporting either side in a
disagreement
Vocabulary
• Armistice- a stop in fighting agreed upon by
both sides. A cease-fire
• Communism- an economic and social system
in which all resources are owned by the
government led by a dictator
• Reparations – payments for war losses
Nationalism
• Nationalism – The belief that one country is better than another
country.
• In the last chapter, what were some effects of Nationalism?
It help unite the counties of Italy and Germany
Many cultures thought they were better others, and would
treat others unfairly
Nationalism
Political cartoon
from Germany
How does this
show German
nationalism?
Nationalism
How does this
show British
nationalism?
Imperialism
• Imperialism- When larger and more powerfuls
countries take over smaller colonies and
countries to make up a an Empire.
• Imperialism grew because countries wanted
resources and markets to sell their goods.
• They also wanted to spread their influence to
other parts of the word.
• This caused competition between nations.
Imperialism
Look at the map. Land controlled by England is pink, France
is light purple, and Germany is bright green. What are
some things you notice about the amount of land each
country controls? What problems could this cause?
A.
Imperialism
Look at each cartoon and
identify symbols that you
see. Also explain what
each cartoon is trying to
express.
B.
Militarism
• The development and collection of weapons
to prepare for war or conflict
• Tensions start to build between countries due
to nationalism and imperialism
• This turns into “an arms race” between
different nations to build up their military
forces
Militarism
• Germany and France both
doubled the size of their
military.
• England and Germany both
developed strong navies
• Predict- Why do you think
England and France would
be worried?
Militarism
“We have conquered for ourselves a place in the
sun. It will now be my task to see to it that this
place in the sun shall remain... The more Germans
go out upon the waters, whether it be in journeys
across the ocean, or in the service
of the battle flag, so much the better
it will be for us.” - Kaiser Wilhelm of
Germany
Militarism
New deadly weapons were developed and used
in WWI. This will cause it to be deadlier than
any pervious war.
The weapons changed, but military tactics did
not. Calvary and Infantry units were no match
for the weapons.
Militarism
German U-Boats lurked
under the water and
prevented supply ship
from reaching England
Dreadnought Battle ships
were faster than older ships
and had increased fire
power
Militarism
The machine gun allowed soldiers to
shoot 500-1,000 rounds per minute.
Tanks were armored
vehicles mounted with
guns. They moved on
tracks, not wheels.
This allowed them to
move over rough terrain
Militarism
Aircraft were first used in
World War I. They could see
what was going on in enemy
territory, and drop bomb.
The planes also had guns
mounted on them so they
could attack other planes.
Zeppelins were air ships filled with gas.
They were used as bombers because
they could move quickly in the air but
where easily damaged by gun fire. They
were also used for reconnaissance.
Militarism
Poison Gas killed and injured many
soldiers. It would burn the skin and
lungs.
Alliances
• A system of Alliances or, an agreements
between two or more nations, were formed in
Europe to avoid conflict
• This basically split Europe into two groups
Triple Entente or Allied
powers
Triple Alliance or Central
Power
France
Germany
Great Britain
Austria-Hungary
Russia
Italy
Alliances
The Spark That Caused the War
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand was heir to the
Austrian- Hungry Empire.
• Austria- Hungry took over the country of Bosnia
in 1908.
• On June 28, 1914 Archduke Ferdinand and his
pregnant wife visited the troops in Sarajevo, the
capital of Bosnia
The Spark that Caused the War
• Both the Archduke and his wife were
assassinated by a Serbian named Gavrilo
Princip.
The Spark that Caused the War
Austria -Hungary
declares war on Serbia
Russia had an alliance
with Serbia so they
declare war on AustriaHungary
This caused Russia’s
allies France and Great
Britain to declare war on
Austria-Hungary and
their allies, Germany
and Italy
The Spark that Caused the War
The Spark that Caused the War
The Spark that Caused the War
• “The Lamps are
going out all over
Europe, we shall
not see them lit
again in our life
time” – Sir Edward
Grey British Prime
Minster
Conflict and Battle
• Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy had to
fight on two fronts
– The Western front against France and Great Britain
– The Eastern Front against Russia
• Many thought the war would be over quickly,
but due to trench warfare armies hardly
moved at all
Trench Warfare
• Trench warfare caused a
high number of causalities
• Armies would dig deep
ditches to shelter their
troops
• They would then put barb
wire in front of the
trenches
• To attack, troops had to
crawl out the trench
Trench Warfare
Trenches would fill up
With water
Trench Foot from standing
In water
Rats
Death and Destruction
Fleas
Trench Warfare
• “We were able to see our comrades move forward in
an attempt to cross No-Man’s Land, only to be mown
down like meadow grass. I felt sick and the sight…..
And remember weeping.”
Battle of Tannenberg
• August 26 – August 30, 1914
• This battle was on the
Eastern Front – Germany vs.
Russia
• Russia lost to Germany
• The Germans were able to
intercept a Russian message
explaining their battle plan
Battle of Tannenberg
• 30,000 Russian Soldiers
died and 92,000 were
captured
• The Russian General was
so upset, he did not tell the
Russian Czar and killed
himself
• This defeat along with
economic issues will cause
major changes in Russia
Russia
• Russia suffered great
losses on the Eastern
Front.
• The Russian economy
collapse and country was
low on fuel and food
• The Russian Revolution
broke out and people
demanded relief from
their suffering
Russia
• The Russian Ruler, Czar
Nicholas II, was forced to give
up his throne
• Vladimir Lenin came to power
and promised peace, bread,
and land to all Russians
• He installed a communism
economic system. The
government controlled all
resources
• He also signed a peace treaty
with Germany giving land in
the Western part of Russia
Battle of Verdun
• February 21 –
December 19, 1916
• Took place in
Northeastern France
(Western Front)
• The Germans attacked a
fortress in France
The Battle of Verdun
• This was the longest
and deadliest battle of
the war
• 350,000 French troops
died
• 350,000 German troops
died
The Battle of the Somme
• July 1 – November 13,
1916
• Took place along the
Somme River in France
(Western Front)
• French and British
armies attacked the
Germans
The Battle of the Somme
• 20,000 British troops
were killed and 40,000
with injured on the first
day alone (Bloodiest
day in British history)
• Heavy Rains in October
made it difficult to fight
The Battle of the Somme
• The battle was
abandoned and resulted
with the French and
British gaining only 5
miles
• 650,000 German troops
killed
• 420,000 British Troops
killed
• 195,000 French troops
killed
The United States
• When the war started in
1914, The United States
wanted to stay natural.
• The United States
exported food and
weapons to France and
Great Britain
The United States
• The German U-Boats
were preventing
supplies from entering
Great Britain
• Great Britain was an
island and needed
supplies. The Germans
hoped to cut off their
food supply and forced
them to surrender
The United States
• In May of 1915 the
Germans sank the British
passenger ship Lusitania
• It was carrying people,
supplies and probably
weapons
• 1,200 people died including
128 Americans
• Germans also sank other US
trade ships
The United States
• In 1917 the British found
a secret telegram from
Germany to the country
of Mexico
• The Germans promised to
they would restore land to
Mexico that was taken by
the United States if
Mexico would join the
side of the Central powers
The United States
• The United States Government started to use
propaganda to show the Triple Entente was
strong and the Central Powers were evil
The United States
• April 6, 1918 the
United States Congress
Declared war on
Germany at the request
of President Woodrow
Wilson
The United States
• Many thought now with
2 million US troops the
Allies would achieve
victory on the Western
Front
• This lead to more
Casualties
The End of the War
“It broke your heart to see these fine young men
carried off on stretchers with missing limbs,
blinded, burned with gas, and in some cases
shell-shocked. Many were only boys” – Fanny
Louise Cunningham (American Nurse)
The End of the War
• On November 11, 1918
after 4 years of fighting
both sides agree to an
armistice.
• It was called Armistice
Day. Today we call it
Veteran's Day
The End of the War
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
(United State)
• End all secret meetings
between countries
• Freedom to have boats on
the sea during both peace
and war time
• Lower the number of guns
and weapons in world
• End imperialism
• Create a league of nations to
prevent other wars
Georges Clemenceau (French
Leader)
• Weaken and punish
Germany
The End of the War
• The final document was a compromise was called
the Treaty of Versailles
– A League of Nations was formed to promote peace
– Germany took the blame for starting the war.
– Germany had to remove forts from the Rhineland near
France
– Germany to give up some of its land to other countries
– Germany had to give up all of its colonies in Africa
– Germany had to pay Reparations or payments for war
losses to the Allies
The End of the War
• The map of Europe changed
after the war
• Austria Hungary Empire were
erased off the map and new
countries were formed.
•
•
– Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia,
Czechoslovakia, Poland and
Romania
Germany lost land to Poland and
France
Russian Empire lost land
•
Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland
• Poison Gas
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/poison_gas
_and_world_war_one.htm
• http://www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwar.htm
• http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/get_text.html?T
extId=76581