The Bony Thorax
 Consists of three parts
 Sternum
 Ribs
 True ribs (pairs 1–7)
 False ribs (pairs 8–12)
 Floating ribs (pairs 11–12)
 Thoracic vertebrae
(T1-T12)
The Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)
 Clavicle—collarbone
 Scapula—shoulder blade
 Allow for exceptional free
movement
Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)
Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)
Upper Limbs
 Humerus
 Forms the upper arm
 Single bone
Upper Limbs
 Forearm (2 bones)
 Ulna
 Radius
Hands
 Carpals (wrist)
 Metacarpals (palm)
 Phalanges (fingers)
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
 Formed by 2 coxal bones
 Coxal bones composed of 3
pairs of fused bones
 Ilium
 Ischium
 Pubis
 Total weight of body
rests here!!
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
Gender differences
 The female inlet is larger and more circular
 bones are lighter and thinner
 The female ilia flare more laterally
 The female sacrum is shorter and less curved
 The female pubic arch is more rounded (accute vs. obtuse)
Bones of the Lower Limbs
 Femur
 Thigh
 The heaviest,
strongest
bone in the body
Foot
 Tarsals
 Two largest tarsals
 Calcaneus (heelbone)
 Talus
 Metatarsals—sole
 Phalanges—toes
Arches of the foot
 3 arches
 Two longitudinal
 One transverse
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
Types of Synovial Joints based on shape
Plane Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Types of Synovial Joints based on shape
Condyloid Joint
Saddle Joint
Ball and Socket Joint