Independence in India
Agenda
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Quick Review Africa and Apartheid
Lecture Notes: India and Gandhi
Gandhi Primary Source Document, the British View.
Radio Broadcast: Gandhi
Political Cartoon Analysis: Gandhi and Indian Independence
Compare and Contrast India and Africa independence
movements.
• Begin Review:
– Latin American Revolutions and Nationalism
– Industrialization
– Imperialism
Decolonization and Independence
• Britain “owned” India
through the process of
colonization and a
sphere of influence.
• French “Indo-China”
• United States – Cuba,
Philippines
Indian Independence
• Gandhi began by looking at
villages that were
unhygienic and rampant
with crime.
• He instilled confidence in
the villagers as they cleaned
up the area, Britain took
notice.
• Gandhi is charged with
creating unrest, and his
supporters rally for release.
• Non-violence movement
begins..
Mohandas Gandhi
• He ran the Indian
National Congress
• Instead of an elite
group, it allows for
mass participation.
• Independence from
Britain through the
boycott of goods.
Breakdown
• While Gandhi is in
prison, the Congress
divides.
• Hindu vs. Muslims
• Quit India
– Movement of civil
disobedience to quit any
industry that promoted
British Interests. Country
comes to a standstill.
Assassination of Gandhi
• He is shot three times on his
way to prayer. 1948.
• Afterwards, India mourns
the loss, but strengthens
the independence.
• Several referendums added
after his death.
• Independence granted in
1947, chaos results, but
Republic is formed in 1950.
India Now
• Caste System seen as
discriminatory in 1950.
• New economic
developments and
outsourcing have allowed
for prosperity in areas of
India.
• Bollywood movie
industry, i.e. Slumdog
Millionaire.
• Jawaharlal Nehru –
advocated Western
Industrialization.
What I want you to, to understand, if you can, is that the message of peace,
the message of Asia, is not to be learned though European spectacles, through
the Western spectacles, not by imitating the methods of the West, the
gunpowder of the West, the atom bomb of the West. If you want to give a
message of change to the West, it must a message of love, it must be a
message of truth. There must be a conquest...(applause)..please, please,
please, that will interfere with my speech, and that will interfere with your
understanding also. I want to capture your hearts, and don't want to receive
your claps. Let your hearts clap, in unison with what I'm saying, and I think I
shall have finished my work. Therefore I want you to work with the thought
that Asia has to conquer the West. Then the question that a friend asked
yesterday, did I believe in one world? Of course I believe in one world. And
how can I possibly do otherwise? When I become an inheritor of the message
of love that these great unconquerable teachers left for us. You can re-deliver
that message now, in this age of democracy, in the age of awakening of the
poorest of the poor. You can re-deliver the message with the greatest
emphasis; then you will complete the conquest of the whole of the West. Not
through vengeance because you have been exploited, and in the exploitation,
of course, I want to include Africa.''
Questions for Newspaper Article
• Skim the article, don’t
focus on every word.
• Answer the following
questions.
• How do the British
describe their role in
India?
• What will happen if
they leave?
• How is Gandhi
characterized versus the
people of India?
Latin American
Revolutions
• What are the groups
associated with LA
Revolutionary
movements?
• Why are they revolting?
• Who are major leaders?
Group
Description
Industrialism
• What is needed for
Industrialization?
• How does
industrialization lead to
imperialism?
• What raw materials are
needed for the
industrial revolution?
Imperialism
• What is Imperialism?
• What is social
Darwinism?
• What is the difference
between direct and
indirect control?
• How would a colony
differ from a
protectorate or sphere
of influence?