Juliana Vassallo
Mr. Tracy
MWH3
Overview

 Britain had been trading with India
for centuries
 Officially under British rule in 1858
 “Jewel of the Crown”
 Queen Victoria wanted India for its
benefits
 Claimed herself Empress of India in
1877
 India given independence on Aug
15, 1947
Click for table of
contents
THE JOURNEY

 Core 1
 Motives for
Imperialism
 Economic
 Ideological
 Methods of
Imperialism
 Core 2
 Impact of Imperialism
 Gaining Independence
 Primary Source
 Outcome of Imperialism
 India Today
 British East India
Company
 Ways of Control
 Politically
 Economically
 Gapminder Charts
<<Click any hyperlinked words>>
Economic

 Natural resources
 Tea, salt, cotton cloth
 Size and location of
India
 Fueled development of
democratic institutions,
education, and
economic infrastructure
Social Darwinism

 Indian interests subjugated by Britain
under racial sentiments
 Term named after Charles Darwin
 British naturalist and geologist
 Contributed to evolution theory
 Survival of the fittest
 British right to overtake India
 Power belongs to the white man
<<Click for Methods
of Imperialism
British East India
Company

 Founded in 1600
 Started by Queen Elizabeth I
 1750s-waged war extended from Ganges
valley to Delhi
 Established military dominance
 50 years subdued remaining Indian states
 Conquered or forced rulers to become
subordinate allies
 Ended in 1858
Ways of Control

Indirect
Direct
 Exercise of
determinative and
exclusive political
control by B.E.I.C
 Most governance of
regions by traditional
Indian rulers
 Allowed European
administrators to
efficiently supervise
management of large
amount of people
 Taxes
 Legal codes and
new court system
 Outlawed Hindu
rituals
 Banned public
meetings
 Military force and
dominance
Conclusion for Methods
and Motives

 Relationship started with the BEIC
 Would offer Britain many valuable
resource
 Show that white men have the power
 Put restriction on Indian lifestyles
Gaining Independence

 1858-India comes under direct rule of the British
crown after failed India mutiny
 1885-Indian National Congress founded as forum for
emerging nationalist feeling
 1920-22-Nationalist figurehead Mahatma Gandhi
launches anti-British civil disobedience campaign
 1942-43- Congress launches “Quit India” movement
 1947-End of British rule and partition of
subcontinent into mainly Hindu India and Muslimmajority state of Pakistan
<<Click any hyperlinked years>>
The Beginning of the Raj

 Established in 1858—ending
century long control by East India
Company
 Indian Mutiny
 2 years of life and death struggle
 Cost Britain £ 36 million
 Marked nature of political, social and
economic rule
 Social segregation lasting until the
end of Raj
Indian National Congress

 Formed in 1885
 All India, secular political party
 Regarded as key turning point in
formalizing opposition to the Raj
 Developed from elite intellectual
middle-class confines, and a moderate,
loyalist agenda
 Often dominated by factionalism and
opposing political strategies
 Non-violence vs. violence
 Remarkable in achieving broad
consensus over the decades
Gandhi & Civil Disobedience
(1869-1948)

Civil Disobedience
Mahatma Gandhi
 Leader of Indian nationalism in
British-ruled India
 Jailed for conspiracy (1922-24)
 1930- Salt March
 1946- Negotiated with Cabinet
Mission which recommended new
constitutional structure.
 Tried to stop the Hindu-Muslim
conflict in Bengal
 Policy led to his assassination in
Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu
fanatic
 Heavily influenced Jawaharlal
Nehru
<<Click for Boycotts of
British Goods
 Policy practiced by
Gandhi
 Active, professed refusal
to obey certain laws,
demands, and commands
of a government, or of an
occupying international
power
 Gandhi still wanted it
after Amritsar Massacre
<<Click hyperlinked words for
more info on certain topics>>
Mahatma Gandhi
Non-violence Speech

This video is about Gandhi’s nonviolence speech in 1925. Gandhi
describes the new requirements of the
British government. He also expresses
that even when the British try to hurt
him, he will not fight back violently or
kill anyone.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
dEEZsocrm0A
Go back
Jawaharlal Nehru
(1889-1964)

Nehru (left) with Gandhi (right)
Returns to Gandhi & Nonviolence
 Indian nationalist leader and statesman
 First prime minister of independent India
(1947)
 Joined Indian National Congress in 1919
 1920s & 1930s Nehru was repeatedly
imprisoned for civil disobedience
 1928-Elected president of Congress
 WWII- Recognized as Gandhi's successor
 Played central role in negotiations over
independence
 Opposed Muslim League's insistence on
division of India based on religion
Amritsar Massacre

 April 13, 1919
 A peaceful crowd entered the
heart of the city of Amritsar
 British commander banned
public meetings
 He ordered his men to open
dire (killing 379 injuring 1,100)
 Responsible for Gandhi’s rise to
fame
 Increased racial tensions
Boycotts of British
Goods

 July 5, 1920
 Called for the boycotts
(no purchasing) of British
goods
 Gandhi wanted the
Indians to wear only
cotton grown and woven
in India
 People wouldn't have to
purchase through the
British
WWII & Pakistan

 April 2, 1939
 War slowed efforts
 Many angered by this and
rebelled
 Portion of Indians
supported and fought with
Britain in the war
 Dec 15, 1932
 Muslim League led by
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 Wanted separate state for
Muslims
 Would call their new state
"Pakistan“
 May 5, 1947
 Riots broke out between the
Muslims and Hindus
 Convinced Britain to split up
India into two parts (India
and Pakistan)
 India receives independence on
Aug 15, 1947
Click for Primary Source
Government Statement

This primary source is a
policy written by Cabinet
Mission and his Excellency
the Viceroy. This statement
from the British
government describes the
process of allowing the
Indian people to choose
whether or not to remain
with the powerful empire.
 British Government
Statement: Policy In
India, 1946
Political

 Federal Republic
 Form of government made
up of a federal state with a
constitution and selfgoverning subunits
 President: Pranab Mukherjee
 Vice President: Mohammad
Hamid Ansari
Click for Economy
Economy

 Developing into open-market
economy
 Agricultural Products
 Rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, tea,
sugarcane, lentils, onions, potatoes,
etc.
 Industries
 Textiles, chemicals, food processing,
steel, transportation, machinery,
software, pharmaceuticals
 Has largest amount of poor people
 However economy is growing rapidly
 Estimated population= 1.27 B (2013)
Gapminder Charts

This graph shows income/
person ($3,147) in India in
2011. Also the population
total from the 1800s to 2012
which was around 1.24 B.
Graph 2 shows the percentage
of people who make below $2 a
day which in 2010 was 69%.
Also the percentage of exports
(% of GDP) in 2010 which was
23%.
Conclusion for Impact and
Outcomes

 Under British rule for about 89 years
 Many died in efforts towards
independence
 Gained independence Aug 15, 1947
 Now a Federal Republic
 Economy growing rapidly
 One of largest populations
 British manifestation powered
development of democratic
institutions, education, and economic
infrastructure