Session id:
Oracle RAC 10g:
Running Mixed Workloads
Gordon Smith
Director, RAC Product Management
Oracle Corporation

Agenda
 Business Goals
 Today’s Inadequate Solutions
 Key Technical Elements of the Solution
– Non-Blocking Queries
– Real Application Clusters
– Other Great Tools
 Oracle 10g Enterprise Grids – Putting It All
Together

Business Goals
 Goals
–
–
Report off current live data
No impact on online performance
– Simplicity
– Low cost
 Focusing on reporting
– Not full blown Data Warehouse
 DW a much more complex problem
 Oracle offers good “On Time” solution

Today’s Inadequate Solutions
Off-Hours Batch
 Wait until off-hours when online systems aren’t being used
 Problems
– The Internet and 21 st Century business changed online to 24 X 7
– Data not current

Today’s Inadequate Solutions
Reporting DB Clones
 Copy database to second system for reporting
 Problems
– Not current data
–
–
–
–
Complicated, multi-step process with many failure points
Poor hardware utilization
Data is growing and getting harder to copy
Cloning (or re-silvering) can impact performance

Today’s Inadequate Solutions
Traditional DR Solutions
 Why not just run reports against the data on my disaster recovery (DR) standby system
– The standby is just sitting there underutilized
– Data can be very current
 Problems
–
Nearly all DR solutions don’t let you access data on standby system, e.g.,
 Remote disk mirroring systems
 Oracle DataGuard (physical mode)

Key Technical Elements of the
Solution
 Non-Blocking Queries
 Real Application Clusters
 Other Great Tools
–
–
–
Automatic Undo Management
Resource Manager
Logical Data Guard

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100
 Provides consistent reads
–
–
Never sees uncommitted
“dirty” data
Never sees some changes from a transaction but not other changes
– Bottom line: You Get The
Right Answer
 Doesn’t block updates
 Doesn’t get blocked by updates

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100
 For example, say you need to add up the balances for all accounts …

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100
 For example, say you need to add up the balances for all accounts …

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100
 For example, say you need to add up the balance for all accounts …
1,000 <- The Right Answer

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100
 Now let’s run a transaction at the same time that transfers $50 from one account to another
–
–
Without using Non-Blocking
Queries
Without using read locks

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100
 Now let’s run a transaction at the same time that transfers $50 from one account to another
–
–
Without using Non-Blocking
Queries
Without using read locks

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
50
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
150
100
-$50
+$50
 Now let’s run a transaction at the same time that transfers $50 from one account to another
–
–
Without using Non-Blocking
Queries
Without using read locks

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
50
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
150
100
 Now let’s run a transaction at the same time that transfers $50 from one account to another
–
–
1,100 <- The Wrong Answer
Without using Non-Blocking
Queries
Without using read locks

Non-Blocking Queries
 Now let’s try read locks
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100

Non-Blocking Queries
 Now let’s try read locks
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
50
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
150
100
-$50
 Now let’s try read locks
Transaction Blocked!!!

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
50
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
150
100


Now let’s try read locks
 You get the right answer but update transactions are blocked
Similarly update transactions can block queries
1,000 <- The Right Answer

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100
 Now let’s try non-blocking queries with read consistency

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
100
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100
• Now let’s try non-blocking queries with read consistency

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
50
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
150
100
-$50
+$50
• Now let’s try non-blocking queries with read consistency

Non-Blocking Queries
Account Balance
0001 100
0002
0003
100
50
0004
0005
0006
100
100
100
0007
0008
0009
0010
100
100
100
100
150
• Now let’s try non-blocking queries with read consistency
• Queries don’t block updates
• Updates don’t block queries
1,000 <- The Right Answer

Real Application Clusters
Centralized
Management
Console
 Runs all types of business applications on clusters
Low Latency Interconnect
VIA or Proprietary
 Maximum availability
High Speed
Switch or
Interconnect
 Maximum scalability
Clustered
Database Servers
 Lowest cost
 Efficient cache fusion technology
Storage Area Network
Mirrored Disk
Subsystem
Users
Hub or
Switch
Fabric

i
# Users
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
SD 3-Tier Parallel Benchmark Results Now Official
82%
Scalability
3,640
6,580
12,000
Certified
Running on HPQ AlphaServer Computers

i
World Record Performance
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
85,719
Oracle
1,135
Hyperion
Can ’ t Say
Microsoft
Source: DSS Lab, 2003

RAC Workloads Survey
RAC Customer Workloads
OLTP
Mixed
DW
Unknow

RAC Mixed Workload
Customers
 Gas Authority of India
Ltd.
 KITC
 Nextel
 Clearing Corp of India
 Daegu universwity
 Hite Brewery
 US Army Medical
Research & Material
Command
 Green Mountain Power
 Holmesglen TAFE
 Smartserv
 Bharti Televentures
Ltd.
 China Unicom –
Chonging
 Supply Solutions
 Gas Authority of
India Ltd.
 Texas Tech
University
 Lithonia Lighting
 SoftChoice
 Tata Teleservices
 AusRegistry
 POSCO Six Sigma
 Dongbu Insurance
 Ashok Leyland Ltd.
 WeightWatchers.com
 CJIS
 FannieMae
 Job Partners
 Telenor Mobile
 University of
Melbourne
 HealthPartners
 Cairns City
Council
 Guangfu
Securities
 Merrill Lynch
 STP Maisoning
 Vanderbilt
University
 EPL

Mix Workload Customer
Example
 Telenor Mobile in Norway
– 2-nodes, 16 CPU & 4 CPU HP-UX
–
–
–
OLTP - 4 CPUs node
DSS on 16 CPUs
Fail OLTP to DSS but not other way

Other Great Tools
 Resource Manager
– Controls allocation of CPU to workloads
– Limit execution times of long running operations
– Limits # of active sessions per workload
 Logical Data Guard
– Allows queries to data on DR Standby
– Allows updates to data only on Standby
 Automatic Undo Management
– Now fully automatic in Oracle9i

Enterprise Grid – Putting It All
Together
 Low Cost Computing
–
You can “just throw CPUs at it”
 Automatic Storage Management
–
You can “just throw disks at it”
 Workload Management
– Powerful new ways to manage different workloads easily

Enterprise Grid - Low Cost
Computing
Component
Large RISC
SMP Server
RISC SMP
Cluster
Intel/Linux
Cluster
# Servers
Processors/Server
1
32 @1.3Ghz
Memory/Server 64Gb
Operating System UNIX
Total Cost $1,250,000
8
4 @1.2Ghz
8Gb
UNIX
$431,960
8
4 @2Ghz
8Gb
RedHat AS
$232,664
Source: hardware vendor price lists

Electronic Arts ROI
Discounted Cash Outlay
Comparison
15
10
5
0
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total
RAC 5.03
6.8
0.65
1.17
0.58
1.07
0.59
0.92
0.51
0.79
7.36
10.76
1 st Year 5 Years
Big SMP is
35%+
More Expensive
Big SMP is
46%+
More Expensive
• Hardware costs
• Software costs
• H&S maintenance
• DBA costs
• SysAdmin costs

Enterprise Grid - Automatic
Storage Management
 Eliminates the complexity and cost of 3 rd party volume and file managers
 Completely automates I/O tuning
 Eliminates all fragmentation
 Optional mirroring
Automatic Storage
Management

Enterprise Grid - Automatic
Storage Management
Automatic Storage
Management
 Eliminates the complexity and cost of 3 rd party volume and file managers
 Completely automates I/O tuning
 Eliminates all fragmentation
 Optional mirroring
 Allows disks to be added or removed dynamically with fully automatic rebalancing

Enterprise Grid - Automatic
Storage Management
Automatic Storage
Management
 Eliminates the complexity and cost of 3 rd party volume and file managers
 Completely automates I/O tuning
 Eliminates all fragmentation
 Optional mirroring
 Allows disks to be added or removed dynamically with fully automatic rebalancing

Enterprise Grid - Workload
Management
 Hands-free assignment of servers to workloads based on rules
– Automatic assignment of servers to workloads at startup
– Re-assignment of servers to workloads as business needs change
– On server failure, automatic re-assignment of surviving servers to workloads
 Works across all platforms

Enterprise Grid – Workload
Management
Reporting Spare Order Entry
Normal Server Allocation

Enterprise Grid – Workload
Management
Reporting Order Entry
Christmas Season

Enterprise Grid – Workload
Management
Reporting Order Entry
Post Christmas

Enterprise Grid – Workload
Management
Reporting Spare Order Entry
Normal Server Allocation

Enterprise Grid – Workload
Management
Reporting Spare Order Entry
Node Failure

Enterprise Grid – Workload
Management
Reporting Order Entry
Recovery

Enterprise Grid – Workload
Management
Reporting Order Entry
Another Node Failure

Enterprise Grid – Workload
Management
Reporting Order Entry
Recovery

Conclusion
Non-Blocking
Queries
OPS
A History of Innovation
Data
Guard
Real
Application
Clusters
(RAC)
Resource
Manager
Automatic
Storage
Management
Low-Cost
Commodity
Clusters
Enterprise
Workload
Managment

Next Steps….
 Recommended Oracle RAC sessions
–
–
–
Oracle RAC 10g: Continuous Services for the Grid
 Wednesday 11 am, Room 104
Oracle RAC: Best Practices on Linux
 Wednesday 1 pm, Room 104
Oracle RAC: Customer Roundtable
 Wednesday 4:30 pm, Room 104
– Real Application Cluster Guru Chat
 Thursday 12 noon, Guru Lounge
 See RAC demos in Database DEMOgrounds
 Visit the RAC web sites for more information
– http://otn.oracle.com/products/database/clustering/content.
html

Q U E S T I O N S
A N S W E R S

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