THE NEW NATION
Washington's Presidency
THE "FOUNDING" PERIOD
WASHINGTON
TAKES
OFFICE
WHAT WHAT CHALLENGES
ARE THE NEW NATION
FACING?
Think what led to the following "Founding Moments":
Declaration of Independence
Constitution
WHAT ARE CHALLENGES
FACING THE NEW NATION?
WHAT ARE CHALLENGES
FACING THE NEW NATION?
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Debt from Revolutionary War
New Nation with no experiencing
governing
Building relations with foreign
countries/Alliances
Building an army
How to best represent the people (who
can vote?)
Slavery
Washington could not single-handedly
run the country - needed help from
experts & supervisors
Forts with British soldiers at them
Spanish & French in the US
Expansion west of the Appalachian
Mountains
Trouble with Native Americans
Balance of power
State vs. federal power
3 branches of government
Enforcing laws - avoiding dictatorship
Efficiency
Maintains ideas of the Declaration
Unify the states
Trust
Being prepared for the future
Equality
CABINET
•
Constitution states that the preside
THE CABINET TODAY
http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet
DEBT OWED BY THE NEW
NATION
HAMILTON'S FINANCIAL PLAN
Federal government would assume state debts
The United States would pay back loans with interest
Protective tariff on imports produced in Europe to encourage
American industries.
Excise tax on whiskey (tax on a luxury good)
There would be a National Bank which would issue paper
money, issue tax receipts and hold the governments money.
RESPONSE TO THE
ASSUMPTION OF STATE
DEBTS
• “Consolidation”….conveyed the political fear, so
potent among that Antifederalist critics of the
constitutional settlement of 1788, that the states
would be absorbed by the new federal
government. It echoed the ideological fear, so
effective as a weapon against the taxes imposed
by Parliament and George III that…all liberty was
lost. And at a primal level it suggested the
unconscious fear of being swallowed up by a larger
creature…eaten alive.
COMPROMISE
PROTECTIVE TARIFF
http://www.nps.gov/pagr/historyculture/index.htm
WHY SHOULD THE US PAY
BACK LOANS WITH
INTEREST?
WHISKEY REBELLION: FEDERAL
POWER
PA farmers refused to pay
the tax, threatened to
secede from the Union
Washington
sent in
troops to
enforce the
law
NATIONAL BANK
Sets off debate about
how the constitution
should be interpreted
"Strict" interpretation
Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18
"Congress has the power...to make all
laws necessary and proper for carrying
into Execution the foregoing Powers"
"Loose" interpretation
ARE POLITICAL PARTIES
NECESSARY?
Why did Washington warn against the formation of political
parties?
What was the nature of politics parties in the late 1800s
early. 1900s?
French Revolution Stirs America
• French Revolution begins (1789)
 Reign of Terror  Napoleon
• Democratic-Republicans favor France
• Federalists favor Britain
French Revolution Stirs America
• Washington declares neutrality (1793)
Embroilments with Britain
Treaties
• Jay Treaty w/ Britain (1794-1795)
• Britain granted some concessions
Burning
In Effigy
Treaties
• Pinckney Treaty w/ Spain (1795)
• Established boundaries, right of deposit @
New Orleans
Presidential Transition
• Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)
• Set trend: Isolation (also two-term
tradition)
Presidential Transition
• Election of 1796
• Adams wins, Jefferson in as Vice President
 eventually to 12th Amendment
Election info
Adams’ Presidency
• XYZ Affair (1797)
• Undeclared naval warfare (1798-1800)
Adams’ Presidency
• Alien & Sedition Acts
(1798)
• Naturalization Act
• Sedition Act (used)
• Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions
 idea of nullification
End of the Era
• Federalists lost control of executive
and legislative branches in election 0f
1800
• Federalist judges
remained in power
– chief justice was
John Marshall