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Washington & Adams Study Guide
1) How did the Electoral College figure out who was President/Vice President during Washington/Adams presidency?
Whoever had the most votes became President; second most became Vice President
2) Who were the members of Washington’s cabinet?
Knox (Secretary of War)
Jefferson (Secretary of State)
Hamilton (Secretary of Treasury)
Randolph (Attorney General)
3) Hamilton’s Financial Plan
1) Pay back all debts (lump all state debts together and pay off as a nation)
2) Raise revenue (Protective tariff & tax some goods)
3) Create National bank
4) Jefferson’s view of the National Bank & why
Unconstitutional because there isn’t anything in the Constitution about creating the bank
5) Hamilton’s view of the National Bank & why
Constitutional because the Congress can create anything needed to help run the government & the
government needed a bank
6) Washington’s way of dealing with the war between Britain & France. Why?
Stay neutral; don’t forge alliances with any nation that would force us to choose sides and draw us into a war
7) Jay’s treaty (details & who was it with)
British had to leave the Ohio River Valley
British had to repay for cargo they stole
Failed to open the British West Indies to trade, so everyone hated it
8) Pinckney’s treaty (details & who was it with)
Spain agreed to let the Americans use the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans
9) XYZ Affair (summarize)
France stole 300 American ships. Adams sent 3 delegates to France to deal with the issue. They were ignored
for weeks. Finally 3 French agents (nicknamed X,Y,Z) saw the American delegates and told them that if the
Americans wanted to see the French Foreign Minister, they needed to loan France $10 million and pay the
minister a bribe of $250,000. The enraged Americans basically said “no”
10) Whiskey Rebellion (causes & how ended)
Whiskey was an important source of income for poor farmers, and the tax on whiskey hit them hard. They
captured a tax collector, tarred and feathered him, paraded him through the streets, and threatened to attack
Pittsburgh.
Washington sent 13,000 soldiers to put down the rebellion. Most of the rebelling farmers fled, but about 20
were caught.
11) Precedent
A tradition (Like many that President Washington started which many presidents still honor today)
12) National Debt
The total debt of the nation (When Hamilton had the national government assume all of the states’ debts)
13) Neutrality
Not choosing sides (Washington stayed neutral in the war between the French and the British)
14) Partisan
A supporter of a person, group, party, or cause, especially a person who shows a biased, emotional allegiance.
(political parties)
15) Sedition
Outlawing saying or printing anything false or harmful about the government
16) Alien
An immigrant from another country who does not have citizenship yet
17) Foreign Policy
How a country deals with other nations
18) Study map of America 1783 (Be able to identify/label parts of it)
Federalists
vs
Democrat-Republicans
Beliefs
Strong national government
Loose interpretation of Constitution
Loved the national bank
Feared mob rule
Economy based on trade and manufacturing
Only well-educated should run the government
Beliefs
Weak national government
Strick interpretation of Constitution
Bank is unconstitutional
Feared the rule of one person or a powerful few
Economy based on farming
Ordinary people should participate in government
Presidential Candidate
John Adams (president)
Charles Pinckney (vp)
Presidential Candidate
Thomas Jefferson (president)
Aaron Burr (vp)
Kinds of people who supported the party
Lawyers, merchants, manufacturers, clergy
Kinds of people who supported the party
Farmers & tradespeople
Which country to side with: Britain or France? Why?
Britain; they are our trading partner & we make tons of
money with them
Which country to side with: Britain or France? Why?
France; they helped us win the Revolutionary War &
their revolution was inspired by ours