p. 736-744: “Working-Class Communities and Protest”
 Immigration and US cities
o Changes in industry vs. farming 1900-1920
o Factors that led immigrants to leave Europe and come to US
o Non-European immigration patterns
 Urban ghettoes
o Working conditions of garment factories
o Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and its long term effects on workplace safety & conditions
 Company/Mill towns
o Conditions of the company towns – impact of geographical isolation
o Ludlow, CO massacre
 Labor and the Progressive movement
o Samuel Gompers – AFL
o AFL unions gains and losses during this period
 Advent of the “open shop”
o IWW (the “Wobblies”)
 What they believed in
 Where they were more successful
 What caused its downfall
o Greenwich Village
 The Bohemians
p. 744-748: “Women’s Movements and Black Awakening”
 Women’s Movement Gains Power
o Changes in high school and college attendance
o Progressive women-only clubs draw attention to women’s issues
o Birth control and Margaret Sanger
 Benefits of birth control for women
 Benefits of birth control for poor
 Racism
o Racism in “science” – racial Darwinism
o Racism in entertainment
 The Clansman (1905)
o Southern progressives
 Paternalism
o Booker T. Washington
 Racial accommodation – “separate as the fingers”
 Cotton States Exposition in Atlanta (1895)
 Up From Slavery (1901)
o W.E.B. Du Bois
 The Souls of Black Folk (1903)
 Argument over “alleged inferiority”
 Niagara Movement and formation of NAACP
p. 748-754: “National Progressive Politics”
 Presidential Activism of Theodore Roosevelt
o Circumstances of TR becoming POTUS
Concept of “bully pulpit”
Character of TR changes presidency of the US
Creative intervention on anthracite coal strike
TR as a “Trustbuster”
 Use of Sherman Antitrust Act
 Moderate stance on breaking up large companies – not all of them (see cartoon, p. 750)
o Pure Food and Drug Act
o Meat Inspection Act
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 Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
o Environmental issues gain importance
 John Muir / Sierra Club
 Conservationists vs. preservationists
 National Park Service
 Republican party split impacts election of 1912
o Roosevelt vs. Taft (arguments over leadership fracture friendship)
 Contest for 1912 Republican nomination
o National Progressive (“Bull Moose”) Party
o “New Freedom” vs. “New Nationalism” campaigns (Democrats vs. Progressives)
o Impact of Socialist party on party platforms and election
 Democrat Woodrow Wilson becomes president
o Economic reforms
 16th Amendment / Underwood-Simmons Act
 Federal Reserve Act
 How it changed the rules
 Clayton Antitrust Act
 Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
o Social issues
 Segregation in government