The Skeletal System
A. Skeletal System Facts

Over ______________ bones in the human body

The skeletal system is the ______________ of bones and other tissues that support the
body

protects major organs and other soft parts of the body

We are born with about 300 to 350 bones

What happens to the bones?
o ______________________________________________________

The ______________________ is the largest bone in the human body, and makes up one
quarter of the body's height.

There are about 230 movable and semi-movable joints in your body.
B. Parts of the Skeletal System

Bones (skeleton)

_________________

Cartilages

Ligaments

What are ligaments for?
o Ligaments

Hold bone ________________
o Tendons

Hold muscle ________________
C. Divided Into Two Divisions

Axial skeleton-

___________, ______________, ________________

Appendicular skeleton – limbs and girdle

What are some functions of the bones?
o Support of the body
o ________________________________________
o Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
o Storage of minerals and fats

What are some organs it protects?
o _________________
o __________________

What is the main mineral that is stored in bones?
o _____________________

If you don’t get enough of this in your diet, it can lead to which disease?
o ________________________
D. Bones of the Human Body

The skeleton has 206 bones

Two basic types of bone tissue

___________________ bone

___________________bone
o Small needle-like
pieces of bone
o Many open spaces
E. Classification of Bones

Long bones
o Typically longer than wide
o Have a shaft with heads at both ends
o Consist of bone marrow
o Necessary for red and white blood cell production
o Contain mostly compact bone
o Examples: Femur, humerus??

Where are those located on the body?
o Femur- ____________________
o Humerus- __________________

Short bones
o Generally cube-shape
o Contain mostly spongy bone
o Examples: Carpals, tarsals

Flat bones
o Thin and flattened
o ____________________________
o Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
o Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum

Irregular bones
o ____________________ shape
o Do not fit into other bone classification categories
o Example: Vertebrae and hip
F. Bone Structure

Diaphysis
o Shaft
o Composed of compact bone

Epiphysis
o Ends of the bone
o Composed mostly of spongy bone

Periosteum
o ________________covering
o This is where bone gets fed
G.. The Axial Skeleton

Forms the longitudinal part of the body

Divided into three parts
o ________________
o Vertebral column
o Bony thorax

The Skull
o Cranium
o Facial bones
o Over _______bones

The Vertebral Column

Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs
o ______________- 7 bones
o Thoracic- 12
o _____________- 5
o Sacrum
o Coccyx

The Bony Thorax

Forms a cage to protect major organs

Made-up of three parts
o Sternum
o ______________
o Thoracic vertebrae
H. The Appendicular Skeleton

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

Composed of two bones
o Clavicle – collarbone
o Scapula – shoulder blade

These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

Bones of the Upper Limb

The arm is formed by a single bone
o Humerus

The forearm has two bones
o ____________
o Radius

Bones of the Upper Limb

The hand
o _____________– wrist
o Metacarpals – palm
o Phalanges – fingers

The Pelvis
o Pelvis
o Gender differences

Why is a female’s pelvis wider?
o For _______________________

Bones of the Lower Limbs

The thigh has one bone
o Femur – thigh bone

The leg has two bones
o Tibia
o _______________

Which one is which?
o Tibia- ____________
o Fibula- ___________

The foot
o Tarsus – ankle
o Metatarsals – sole
o Phalanges – toes
I. Types of Joints

______________ joints
o Elbow and knee

Ball and socket joints
o Shoulder and hip

Immovable
o Skull

____________
o Wrist
J. Disease and Conditions of the Skeletal System

Can anybody name some diseases or conditions of the Skeletal System
o Arthritis
o Tendonitis
o Osteoporosis
o Scoliosis

Arthritis

Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints. A joint is the area where two bones meet.
There are over 100 different types of arthritis.
o Rheumatoid arthritis
o Affects joints


____________

Wrist

Elbows

_____________

Knees
Bursitis
o Inflammation of the Bursa (fluid filled sac surrounding the joint).
o A bursa can become inflamed from injury, infection (rare in the shoulder), or due
to an underlying rheumatic condition.
o Bursitis is typically identified by localized pain or swelling, tenderness, and pain
with motion of the tissues in the affected area.

Tendonitis
o Sometimes the tendons become inflamed for a variety of reasons, and the action
of pulling the muscle becomes irritating. If the normal smooth gliding motion of
your tendon is impaired, the tendon will become inflamed and movement will
become painful. This is called tendonitis, and literally means inflammation of the
tendon.
o The most common cause of tendonitis is overuse.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
o Any condition that causes swelling or a change in position of the tissue within the
carpal tunnel can squeeze and irritate the median nerve. Irritation of the median
nerve in this manner causes tingling and numbness of the thumb, index, and the
middle fingers, a condition known as "carpal tunnel syndrome."

Osteoporosis
o Osteoporosis is a term that means "porous bones." It is a skeletal disease affecting
women and men. Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones have lost minerals
especially calcium making them weaker, more brittle, and susceptible to fractures
(broken bones). Any bone in the body can be affected by osteoporosis, but the
most common places where fractures occur are the back (spine), hips, and wrists.

Scoliosis
o Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. If your child has scoliosis, the
view from behind may reveal one or more abnormal curves. Scoliosis runs in
families, but doctors often don't know the cause. More girls than boys have severe
scoliosis. Adult scoliosis may be a worsening of a condition that began in
childhood, but wasn't diagnosed or treated. In other cases, scoliosis may result
from a degenerative joint condition in the spine.