Clear your desks for Vocabulary Quiz #2. You
have 25 minutes. Sentence structure is
COMPOUND.
For Tomorrow: Poetry Response #2
For the Weekend:
1. Study for your literary terms quiz on
Monday!!!
2. Read and annotate “Rime of the Ancient
Mariner.” (Frankenstein section of your
course pack- pg. 129.)
3. Start reading Frankenstein (pgs. 1-29)
“What, then, can oratorical imagery effect? Well, it is able in many
ways to infuse vehemence and passion into spoken words, while
more particularly when it is combined with the argumentative
passages it not only persuades the hearer but actually makes
him its slave.” --Longinus in On the Sublime, XV, 9
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A figure of speech is any deviation, either in thought or
expression, from the ordinary and simple method of speaking, a
change analogous to the different positions our bodies assume
when we sit down, lie down, or look back. . . Let the definition of
a figure, therefore, be a form of speech artfully varied from the
common usage. –Quintilian
Figures of speech are divided into two main groups: schemes
and tropes. A scheme (Greek for form or shape) involves a
deviation from the ordinary pattern or arrangement of words. A
trope (Greek for to turn) involves a deviation from the ordinary
and principal signification of a word.
Schemes of
balance: Parallelism; Antithesis
Schemes of unusual or inverted word
order:
Anastrophe; Parenthesis
Schemes of omission:
Ellipsis; Asyndeton; Polysyndeton
Schemes of repetition:
Alliteration; Assonance; Anaphora;
Epistrophe; Epanalepsis; Anadiplosis
Antimetabole; Chiasmus
Hyperbole
Litotes
Rhetorical Question
Irony
Onomatopoeia
Oxymoron
Paradox
Metaphor
Simile
Synecdoche
Metonymy
Puns
Personification
Synecdoche
A figure of speech in which a part of
something stands for the whole, or the whole
stands for a part
Nice wheels you got there!
(wheels represent car)
Synesthesia
The perception or description of one kind of
sense impressions in words normally used to
describe a different sense
The new dress you have on is
absolutely delicious!
Metonomy
substituting a word naming an object for
another word closely associated with it
The pen is mightier than the
sword.
(pen and sword)
Apostrophe
addressing someone or something, usually
not present, as though present;
a figure of speech wherein the speaker
speaks directly to something non-human
Oh moon, how beautiful yet
how lonely you look in the sky
tonight!
(speaker speaks to the moon)
So smooth, so sweet, so silvery is thy voice,
As, could they hear, the Damned would make
no noise,
But listen to thee (walking in thy chamber)
Melting melodious words to Lutes of Amber.
The antithesis of the poem can be found
between the soft and sibilant sounds heard by
the Blessed, who obviously can enjoy Julia’s
voice, and the less pleasant, rigid, hard sounds
of the Damned, who obviously cannot enjoy
Julia’s voice, but would if they could. A close
reader even might notice that the s sound in
the pleasant parts of the poem is euphonious,
while the s sound in the unpleasant parts is a
buzzing sound: the s of smooth and sweet
against the s of noise. In the last line the mel
of the first two words produces mellow, almost
onomatopoetic sounds, and the assonance of
to and Lu- softens the music even more.
He clasps the crag with crooked hands;
Close to the sun in lonely lands,
Ringed with the azure world, he stands.
The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;
He watches from his mountain walls,
And like a thunderbolt he falls.
The recognition and “translation of literary
terms can indeed drive you deeper and deeper
into the text. Layers of meaning peel away to
reveal more layers of meaning. Knowing how
the parts function in the whole, how and why
the parts influence the operation of the whole:
that is what is critical. It is the little things that
influence the big things. It is all in how the
parts function in the whole.
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Passage from Obasan by Joy Kogawa
Passage from 1808 Lectures on Principles of
Poetry by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
“First Sight” by Phillip Larkin
Start with the mnemonic device: SSSPOPIAM
(S – symbol; S – simile; S - synecdoche, metonymy;
P—personification; O—overstatement
(hyperbole), understatement (litotes), oxymoron;
P—paradox, pun; I—irony; A—apostrophe,
allusion; M—metaphor)