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3rd leading cause of death
Leading cause of serious long term disability in
the U. S.
Women more likely to die from a stroke than
men
On average, every 40 seconds someone has a
stroke
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Death of brain cells leading to loss of
neurological function
Two types
Ischemic Stroke: blocked circulation to a part of the
brain usually due a blood clot, often in a narrowed
artery
 Hemorrhagic Stroke: ruptured blood vessel, usually
arterial, causing circulation loss to part of the brain
 87% if strokes are ischemic and 13% hemorrhagic
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Temporary neurological symptoms in the
distribution of a blood vessel that blocks, and
then clears
Usually develop stroke like symptoms that
resolve in 60 minutes or less
Similar to Angina preceding a heart attack
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F.A.S.T.
Face: facial droop on one side: ask the person
to smile
Arms: Loss of coordination or
weakness/numbness on one side- hold both
arms straight out from the body- does one drift
downward?
Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple
sentence- was it repeated normally?
Time: Get to the Hospital immediately if any of
the above are abnormal: Time is Brain
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Less common, but potentially stoke symptoms:
New type of severe headache
 Sudden Nausea/Vomiting
 Sudden sleepiness or agitation
 Ataxia- staggering while moving, clumsiness
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Blood pressure: increased risk for blood pressure
above 120/80
Cholesterol: Should be less than 200 mg/dl
Diabetes
Smoking
Diet: know your Body Mass Index- BMI less than
24
Exercise: cardiovascular fitness reduces stroke risk
Family History: Increased risk if immediate family
members with heart or cerebral vascular disease at
an early age.
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Check blood pressure and work with a doctor
to achieve BP less than 120/80
Have your cholesterol checked and work on
reduction if elevated
Check for diabetes
If a smoker, work on smoking cessation
Drink alcohol in moderation
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Have an ECG or heart rhythm evaluation to
check for Atrial Fibrillation
Develop an exercise habit
Enjoy a reduced fat and sodium diet
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Antihypertensives- reduce blood pressure
Antidysrhythmics- control Atrial Fibrillation
Anticoagulants- decrease clotting risk
Anticholesterol/lipid medications
Diabetic medications
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Affects 25% of the US population.
Each year:
Claims 1 million lives
Cost $290 billion
2004- 1 of every 5 deaths
Every 26 seconds someone suffers a heart attack
Every 1 minute someone will die from a heart
attack
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Uncomfortable pressure, heaviness, squeezing
or pain in the center of the chest lasting at least
2 minutes.
Pain the travels to the shoulders, arms, neck,
jaw or back
Severe pain, lightheadedness, fainting,
sweating, nausea or shortness of breath
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Women, diabetics, the elderly
Unusual fatigue
New, unusual shortness of breath with
everyday activity or while a rest
Nausea or Dizziness
Stomach or lower chest pain; back pain
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Time is heart muscle
Treating heart disease:
Medications
 Angioplasty and Stenting
 Bypass
 Implantable devices
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Age
Race
Gender
Family History
Diabetes
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Blood Pressure
Cholesterol
Smoking
Diabetes
Obesity
Physical Fitness
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Rarely causes symptoms
Strains Heart Muscle and increased heart
oxygen use
Damages blood vessels
Class
Normal
Pre HTN
Stage 1
Stage 2
SBP
<120
120-139
140-159
> 160
DSP
<80
80-89
90-99
> 100
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Reduce weight
Keep salt intake to less than a teaspoon dailyboth added and in foods
Assure eating plenty of fruits and vegetables;
low-fat dairy products
Exercise
Reduce stress
Medications
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Single greatest risk factor predicting heart
disease
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High Blood Pressure
High LDL cholesterol
High Triglycerides
Low HDL cholesterol
Irritates blood vessel walls
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Risk of developing heart disease:
Women: 5-7 times
Men: 2-3 times
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Good: HDL
Bad: LDL
Ugly: VLDL
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HDL
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LDL
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Women- 60 mg/dl or higher
Men- 50 mg/dl or higher
Normal 90-100 mg/dl
Desire < 100 mg/dl
In heart disease or diabetics: goal < 70 mg/dl
VLDL- highest triglycerides
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Desire below 20 mg/dl
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Extra weight adds strain to the heart and
cardiovascular system
Since 1991 obesity has increased 75%
7 of ten adults are overweight
Body Mass Index: BMI
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Active persons reduce cardiovascular risk by
50%
Opportunity to Exercise: OTE
Walk stairs
 Park farther from store front or walk/bike to store
 Take walk breaks during the day
 Partner up: walk/run/bike/gym
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Improves blood lipid profile
Burns calories and reduces weight
Improves blood pressure
Improves blood sugar control
Decreases depressed moods
Decreases stress
Improves energy and confidence
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Tobacco use increases the probability of Heart
Disease
Nicotine:
Speeds development of atherosclerosis
 Decreases HDL cholesterol levels
 Binds carbon monoxide to Red Blood Cells,
decreasing oxygen delivery tissue
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Polyunsaturated fats and Monounsaturated
fats- healthiest
Saturated fats- less good
Trans fats- the worst
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Fruits and Vegetables
Whole grains
Brans
Unrefined cereals
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Healthy Habits
Maintain healthy weight- BMI < 24.
 Physical activity
 Non-smoker
 Eating Habits:
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 Fruits and vegetables
 Low fat dairy
 Low total fat
 Avoid saturated and trans fats
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Low salt
Control blood sugar
Know your numbers
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Blood Pressure
Lipid Panel
Blood Glucose
Under 40:
Blood Pressure
Lipid Profile
Blood Chemistry
Over Age 40:
Urinalysis
EKG
Stress Test
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No your numbers
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Seek treatment for BP, DM, cholesterol
Eat right and get regular exercise
Watch your weight
Smoking cessation
Recognize symptoms
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Seek immediate care
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