Hyperlipidemia
John Baer
What is it?
 Hyperlipidemia- any condition that elevates fasting blood
triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations
 Dyslipidemia- altered blood lipid and lipoprotein
concentrations
 Hypercholesterolemia- elevated cholesterol
 Hypertriglyceridemia- elevated triglycerides
 Hyperlipoproteinemia- elevated lipoproteins
 Hypoalphalipoprotein syndrome- low HDL
 Postprandial lipemia- postprandial rise in TG rich proteins
after eating
Understanding
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NklmCp8pyDM
Epidemiology
 On the decline
 Average cholesterol went from 213 mg/dl to 203 mg/dl
(1978-1994)
 17% of adults have cholesterol 240 mg/dl or greater
 67.6% had blood checked in 1991
 73.1% had blood checked in 2003
 Greater awareness
Symptoms
 Cholesterol greater
than 240 mg/dl
 LDL often over 260
mg/dl
 HDL lower than 40
mg/dl
Testing
 Obtained through complete blood lipid profile from
forearm venipuncture following a 12 hour fast
 Finds total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides.
Complications
 Dyslipidemia itself is not a complication
 Patients with dyslipidemia may also have other diseases
or disabilities which may prevent them from exercise
 A thorough medical review must be conducted before
any exercise training
Treatment
 Lifestyle changes
 Medications
Lifestyle Changes
 TLC diet, therapeutic lifestyle changes
 Fat intake 25-35% total calories
 Saturated fat less than 7%, polyunsaturated fat 10%, and
monounsaturated fat 20% of calories
 Increases in dietary fiber and plant stanols or sterols
 Encouraged to eat more fruits, vegetables, and high
fiber foods
Lifestyle Changes cont.
 Smoking cessation
 Exercise
Medications
 If lifestyle changes are not working well enough for 6
months medications used
 Statin agents are most commonly used
 Increase HDL and decreases LDL
 Inhibits cholesterol synthesis
Effects of Disease on Exercise
 Dyslipidemia alone does not affect exercise
 Cardiovascular disease could cause angina
 Medications currently taking
Medications on Exercise
 P. 43 Clinical Exercise Physiology
Effects of Exercise on Disease
 Lower triglyceride concentrations
 Reduced postprandial lipemia
 Decreased concentrations of LDL
 Higher HDL concentrations
 Increases in lipoprotein enzyme activity
 Improved glycemic control
 Reduction in adiposity indirectly lowers blood lipid
concentrations
 P. 225 Pollock’s
Exercise Testing
 Follow protocols for populations at risk for CAD
 Diagnose CAD
 Determine functional capacity
 Determine appropriate intensity range for aerobic
exercise training
 High cholesterol may cause ischemia
Exercise Programming
 Aerobic exercise is the foundation of the program
 Exercise at 40-80% VO2 max
 5 or more days per week
 Once, maybe twice per day
 Incorporate resistance training in program
 45 minutes per session
 P. 172 ACSM
Conclusions
 Have blood lipids checked every 1-5 years
 Could prevent CAD and atherosclerosis
 Eat healthy and exercise
References

Know the Risks: Lifestyle Management of Dyslipidemia by Paul Sorace, Thomas
LaFontaine, and Tom R. Thomas

ACSM’s Exercise Management for Persons With Chronic Diseases and Disabilities by J.
Larry Durstine, Geoffrey E. Moore, Patricia L. Painter, Scott O. Roberts

Clinical Exercise Physiology 2nd Edition by Jonathan K. Ehrman, Paul M. Gordon, Paul S.
Visisch, Steven J. Keteyian

Pollock’s Textbook of Cardiovascular Disease and Rehabilitation by J. Larry Durstine,
Geoffrey E. Moore, Michael J. LaMonte, Barry A. Franklin

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
http://health-club.org/heart-disease-risk-factor