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States = countries
Multinational corporations (MNCs)
Nations (≠ countries)
Religious groups
Terrorist networks
Leaders, prominent individuals
Int’l coalitions
 G7 (CW product)
 G20 (‘rich’ + emerging= 85% wealth)
 OECD (‘rich club’ + Turkey = 30 states)
 Intergovernmental
Organizations (IGOs)
 Global, regional IGOs
 Monetary: IMF
 Trade: GATT WTO
 Development: WB
 Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
• Global, regional, national, local
 Representation by GS
 Representation on behalf of GS
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Global North
 Advanced

Industrialized Countries
~ 32 countries
Global South
 ~162
countries
 = 83 % of world
 Very diverse
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5 Categories
of the
Global South
• All non-GN countries= ~164 countries, 83% of world
• ~32 of quasi-states are emerging economies
• 138 of 194 states are lesser-developed = 67%
• BRICS, others
• Majority >$10/day
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9= Emerging (Czech Rep., Slovakia, Slovenia,
Poland, Hungary, Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia)
• US (GDP per capita=ranks 10th) at ~$54,000
• LDC ave. GDP p/c of LDCs = $844
http://data.worldbank.org/region/LDC
• Burundi , CAR, Malawi, Somalia $<350 GDP p/c

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita
Map based on info from www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/.../ldc_list.pdf
• 39 countries
 34 of those located in sub-Saharan Africa
• Debt relief- HIPCs qualify
 36 accepted full or partial relief ~$72 B
• Reliance on single cash crops
 Cotton accounts for 46% of Mali’s exports
• Infrastructure
 Physical
 Civil institutions
• Technology
 Industrialization
 Resource extraction
 Infrastructure
• Economy diversity
 Primary, manufactured, service goods
• Foreign aid
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Political
Security
Economic
Socio-cultural
Environmental
Health
Energy
Human rights
Development