Anatomy and Physiology I
Laboratory Sessions
THINGS TO KNOW
Reference: :
Marieb, Elaine N., RN, MD, and Hoehn, MD, PhD, Anatomy and
Physiology, (8t ed), 2009 Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, Co USA
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology I & II (Camden
County College ed.). Wiley, 2006
Good Atlas is recommended;
VanDeGraaff, K. & Crawely, J. 2003 A Photographic Atlas for the
Anatomy & Phsiology Laboratory, Morton
Disclaimer: The following information is a projected schedule and is for guidance only.
It by no means displace the student’s responsibility to come to class and learn the
changes to the material needed to master the course.
Lab Exercise I: Anatomical Terminology & Body Cavities and Membranes
Lab Exercise II: Tissue
A. Epithelial Tissues
Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified
Transitional
Stratified Squamous
Stratified Cuboidal
- slide -Human kidney
- slide- Thyroid
- slide- Gall bladder, small intestine, colon
- slide-Trachea
-slide- Ureter, bladder
-slide- Skin, esophagus, scalp with hair
-slide-mammary gland
B. Connective Tissue
Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue
Adipose connective tissue
Reticular connective tissue
Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
-slide- gallbladder
- slide- skin thin pigmented
– slide- liver
-slide- esophagus, trachea
-slide-pinna(ear)
Skin
Scalp
Skin
-slide- with hair, human
-slide- thin pigmented
Bone Tissue
Bone
Bone
Bone
-slide- dried, ground (xs)
-slide- ground bone (lx)
-slide- developing membrane bone
C. Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
D. Nervous Tissue
Neurons
Neuroglia
LAB PRACTICAL I ON TISSUES AND CELLS
Lab Exercise 3: The Skeleton
Axial and appendicular skeleton
The Skull
Cranial Bones
-frontal-parietal
-occipital-
-temporal-
-sphenoid-
Landmarks
supraobital margin
supraorbital foramina
foramen magnum
occipital condyles
hypoglossal fossa (canal)
external occipital protuberance
superior and inferior nuchal lines
zygomatic process
mandibular fossa
styloid process
mastoid process
jugular foramen
carotid foramen
external auditory(acoustice) meatus
body
greater wings
lesser wings
sella turcia
optic foramen
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure
-ethmoid-
Facial Bones
-mandible-
-maxillae-zygomatics-lacrimals-palatines-nasal bones-vomerSutures-
perpendicular plate
nasal conchae
Landmarks
body
rami (ramus)
mandibular condyle
palatine processes
frontal process
temporal process
saggital, coronal, lambdoidal, squamousal
Lab exercise 4:
Vertebral Column and Thorax
On any one vertebrae identify: NOTE: Distinguishing features of the vertebrae!
Body
spinous process
pedicle
lamina
vertebral arch
vertebral foramen
intervertebral foramina
superior and inferior articulation processes and facets(articulation flat
surfaces)
Cervical VertebraeTransverse foramina
Atlas- anterior arch
Posterior arch
Axis- dens
Vertebra prominens C-7 ( can feel at the back of the neck)
Thoracic VertebraeArticulating processes and facets on body and transverse processes for rib
attachment
Lumbar VertebraeSacrumCoccyx
Thorax
Sternum-
Articular surface for the ileum of the coxal (hip) bone
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
Ribstrue ribs
false ribs
floating ribs
head, neck, body of rib
facets for articulation with the vertebrae
tubercles
intercostal space
Costal cartilage
Lab Exercise 5: Pectoral Girdle & Upper Extremity
Clavicle
Scapulabody
medial border
lateral border
glenoid cavity
spine
acromion process
coraciod process
suprascapular notch
infraspinous fossa
supraspinous fossa
subscapular fossa
Upper Extremity
Humerushead
anatomical neck
greater and lesser tubercle
intertubercular groove
surgical neck
body
deltiod tuberosity
capitulum
coronoid fossa
radial fossa
olecranon fossa
trochlea
medial and lateral epicondyles
ulnatochlear notch
olecranon process
coronoid process
radial notch
head
styloid process
radiushead
radial tuberosity
ulnar notch
styloid process
Hand
Carpals-
Metacarpal
Phalanges
scaphoid
lunate
triquestrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
bones #1- 5
other 4 digits, proximal, middle, distal
Lab Exercise 6: Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremity
Pelvic Girdle
Coxal bones- ilium
(hip)
pubis
ischium
acetabulum
Ilium
iliac spines
iliac crest
greater sciatic notch
auricular surface for sacrum
Ischium
ischial spine
lesser sciatic notch
ischial tuberosity
Pubis
obturator foramen
pubis symphysis
Lower Extremity
Femur-
Patella
Tibia-
head
neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
lateral condyle
medial condyle
patellar surface
medial and lateral epicondyle
medial and lateral condyles
tibial tuberosity
medial malleolus
fibular notch
Fibula
Tarsus-
Metatarsals
Phalanges
head
lateral malleolus
talus
calcaneous
navicular
cuboid
cuneiform ( medial, intermediate, lateral)
#1-5
proximal, middle and distal
Lab exercises due 9 and 10 before lab practical.
LAB PRACTICAL II
Lab exercise 7 : Muscles
Identify the name, location, origin, insertion and actions (functions) of the following
muscles:
A. Hand and Neck
Human model
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
massester
sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
B. Trunk and Shoulder Muscles
deltiod
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
seratus anterior
external and internal intercostal
C. Upper Extremity Muscles
biceps brachii
brachialis
triceps brachii
brachioradialis
D. Abdominal, Pelvic and Intercostal Muscles
external obliques
rectus abdominis
E. Lower Extremity Muscles
gluteus maxiums
gluteus medius
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medials,
vastus intermedius
sartorius
tibialis anterior and posterior
gastrocenemius
soleus
Lab Practical III
Lab exercise 8: Brain and Spinal Cord
Brain and Brain stem: Models:
cerebrum
cerebellum
diencephalon ( thalamus, hypothalamus)
brainstem- midbrain, pons, medulla
mammillary body
corpora quadrigemina
cerebral aqueduct
central sulcus
longitudinal fissure
lateral fissure
precentral gyrus
postcentral gyrus
corpus callosum
olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
third ventricle
fourth ventricle
lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
hypophysis (pitutary)
pineal body
optic chiasma
cranial nerves I-XII ( locate with name and number)
Spinal cord Model
White columns: posterior, anterior,
and lateral funiculi
dorsal root ganglion
spinal nerve
dorsal and ventral root
posterior median sulcus
gray commissure
posterior, lateral, and anterior horns(gray matter)
central canal
anterior fissure
Laboratory Exercise 9: The Eye
Human model-
six extrinsic eye muscles by name
pupil
lens
anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior
cavity
vitreous humor
lacrimal gland
optic nerve
sclera
cornea
choroid
ciliary body
iris
retina
fovea centralis
blind spot
Lab exercise 10: The Ear
Human model-
pinna
external auditory canal ( meatus)
tympanic membrane
malleus
incus
stapes
oval window
round window
auditory tube
semicircular canals
vestibule
cochlea
CN VIII
Lab Practical IV