Environment
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VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Autor materiálu: Mgr. Tereza Kufová Datum vytvoření: říjen 2012 Vzdělávací oblast: Jazyk a jazyková komunikace Vyučovací předmět: Anglický jazyk Ročník: 3.,4. Téma: Environment Druh materiálu: prezentace, pracovní list Klíčová slova: environment, natural disaster, pollution, air, soil Anotace: Seznámení studentů s fakty týkajícími se životního prostředí, (ničivé přírodní vlivy, působení člověka a jeho negativní vliv na životní protředí) pomocí prezentace učitele, úkolů pro studenty, práce s internetem, zapojení receptivních a produktivních dovedností. Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 Metodický list VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf List 1. - Výklad učitele – pojem environment a jeho dělení. (1min.) List 2. - Výklad učitele - faktory ohrožující životní prostředí. Žáci s pomocí učitele pojmenují jevy na obrázcích a určí zda se jedná o jevy přírodní nebo související s lidskou činností. (3 min.) List 3. – Výklad učitele – přírodní katastrofy (3 min.) List 4. – Výklad učitele – ničivý vliv člověka na životní prostředí, rozbor obrázku (3 min.) List 5 . – Výklad učitele – ničivý vliv člověka na životní prostředí, druhy znečištění (1 min.) List 6. – Výklad učitele – znečištění vzduchu, rozbor obrázku (3 min.) List 7. – Výklad učitele – znečištění vody, žáci s pomocí učitele pojmenují jevy na obrázcích (3 min) List 8 - 9. – Výklad učitele – znečištění půdy, žáci s pomocí učitele pojmenují jevy na obrázcích (3 min.) List 10. - Pracovní list. Studenti hledají na internetu odpovědi na dané otázky. Odpovědi zapisují do sešitů nebo souboru v předem určené složce. Pokud nestihnou vše v hodině, dokončí za domácí úkol.(Odpovědi na otázky a poznámky pro učitele jsou umístěny na konci prezentace.) (25 min.) Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Environment - consists of fauna (animals), flora (plants), the water, the air, and the earth - we distinguish: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT – all living and non-living things occuring naturally on Earth (all living organisms, soil, rocks, atmosphere, natural resources and physical phenomena) BUILT ENVIRONMENT – human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity (buildings, neighborhoods and cities, infrastructure – water supply, energy networks) – product of human labor Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf The environment is endangered everyday – on the one hand by natural disasters, and on the other hand, by destructive powers of human influence. 1) 2) 3) 4) Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 5) VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Natural disasters - cause damage to crops and endanger animals as well as people´s lives and property Drought – long period without rain - consequences – shortage of food, famine Flood – a lot of water caused by heavy rains or melted snow in spring - consequences – damage to houses, bridges, roads and other property Tornado – dangerous, violent, rotating column of air - consequences – severe damage to property, can level the buildings Earthquake – sudden and violent shaking of the earth caused by changes in the earth´ crust Volcanic eruption – hot lava and volcanic ash pouring out of the volcano, causing widespread destruction Tsunami – a series of water waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions - consequences – flooding and devastation of coastal regions Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Human influence Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Humans do not always care for the environment as they should. People tend to prefer their own convenience and luxury over a healthy natural environment. They pollute the environment in many ways. We can devide pollution into three cathegories: Air pollution Water pollution Soil pollution Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 Air pollution VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf - Traffic – cars produce exhaust - Smog - Heavy industry - factories emit SO2 - Acid rain - Green House gases (CFC) contribute to global warming (burning fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants´ and factories´ emissions) Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 Water pollution VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf - rivers and oceans are heavily contaminated by industrial waste (factories and power plants do not have efficient cleaning systems) - oil spills – caused by wrecks of oil tankers - ocean are becoming big garbage dumps 2) 1) 4) 3) Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 Soil pollution VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Soil contamination can be caused by: • Corrosion of underground storage tanks (including piping used to transmit the contents) • Application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers • Mining • Oil and fuel dumping • Disposal of coal ash • Leaching from landfills • Direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil • Drainage of contaminated surface water into the soil Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Soil pollution 1) 2) 4) 3) Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 5) VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Worksheet Use the internet and find out: 1. - about the other natural disasters (hurricane, blizzard, avalanche, hailstorm) What are these? (write a short description) What can they cause? 2. What is the difference between hurricane and typhoon? 3. What are the major air pollutants produced by human activity?(at least 3) 4. Which countries are the world leaders in air pollution emissions? 5. What major ecological problems do we face in the Czech Republic?/ our region? Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Teacher´s notes : Page 2/ slide 4 : Pictures: 1) tornado in Oclahoma, 2) volcanic eruption, lava fountain, lava flow, 3) air pollution, heavy industry emissions 4) flood, 5) traffic Page 4/ slide 6 : Picture Eco vs. Ego - An ecosystem is a group of living things and the whole place where they live. They all live together and need each other. People tend to prefer their own convenience and luxury over a helthy natural environment. They want more cars, bigger houses, the latest computer technologies, etc. to make their life more comfortable. All of this growth pollutes nature and the environment. Page 6/ slide 8: Air Pollution: Air is essential for life – not only for humans, but also for animals and plants. Although all living beings share the air, only people pollute. Traffic plays a large role in the creation of air pollution. The auto industry is booming. Cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, aeroplanes are an integral part of our contemporary way of life. They all produce exhaust, which often gets trapped in the cities due to the wind currents created by the cityscape, causing smog in heavy congested areas. Smog, a mixture of smoke and fog, irritates the eyes, throat, and lungs and also damages plants. Another factor is heavy industry. Some factories emit SO2 and the wind spreads it in all directions. When SO2 mixes in the air with rainwater it causes acid rain. Acid rain pollutes the water and the soil, it is very aggressive - it kills trees (makes them grow more slowly, they grow old too quickly and then die), animals and all kinds of metal go rusty. At the same time, Green House gases rise into the air and contribute to the global warming. Picture: Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased UV radiation, (4) acid rain, (5) increased ground level ozone concentration, (6) increased levels of nitrogen oxides. Page 7/ slide 9: Water Pollution: Factories and power plants don´t pollute only the air alone, but also the ground and water. Many factories do not have an efficient cleaning system and they discharge their waste into the water system. Rivers and oceans are so heavily contaminated by industrial waste that it´s no longer safe to go swimming in some places. We can often see oil slicks (spills) on the surface of the sea caused by wrecks of oil tankers. One tank of oil can pollute several million litres of water, which causes many fish and seabirds to die. Oceans are also becoming our big garbage dumps. Pictures: 1) Shipyard - water pollution from an oil refinery wastewater discharge outlet 2) Raw sewage and industrial waste in a river, 3) A bird covered in oil from the oil spill, 4) solid waste in a lake Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Teachers notes : Page 8-9/ slide 10-11: Soil Pollution: The ground and water are also polluted by conventional agriculture, in which chemical fertilisers are used instead of manure. Application of pesticides an herbicides is very damgerous, too. In addition, we shouldn´t overlook pollution from mining (Mining environmental issues can include erosion, formation of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, and contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water by chemicals from mining processes. The nature of mining processes creates a potential negative impact on the environment both during the mining operations and for years after the mine is closed.)and normal households. In the majority of houses, chemical based products are used. Pictures: 1) a landfill 2) soil contamination at a disused gasworks, 3) Chile - second deepest open pit copper mine in the world, 4) a cropduster spraying pesticide on a field, 5) a sign warning about potential pesticide exposure. Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Answers to the questions on the student´s worksheet: 1) Hurricane(in the Caribbeand and the US) and typhoon(in western Pacific Ocean) – severe tropical storm with high, spiraling wind and heavy rain. Blizzard - severe winter storm characterized by low temperature, strong winds, and heavy snow. Avalanche - a sudden rapid flow of snow down a slope that has destructive power, in mountainous terrain avalanches are among the most serious objective hazards to life and property. Hailstorm - rain drops that have formed together into ice, may cause large property damage. 2) A hurricane is a tropical cyclone, occurring in the North Atlantic Ocean or the Northeast Pacific Ocean, east of the International Dateline. A wind of force 12 on the Beaufort scale, above 118 km/h, is also referred to as a hurricane irrespective of its origin or location. A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean 3) Major primary pollutants produced by human activity include: Sulphur oxides (SOx) - especially sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2 is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - especially nitrogen dioxide are emitted from high temperature combustion, and are also produced naturally during thunderstorms by electrical discharge. Can be seen as the brown haze dome above or plume downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula NO 2. It is one of the several nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. NO2 is one of the most prominent air pollutants. Carbon monoxide (CO)- is a colourless, odorless, non-irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide (CO2) - a colourless, odorless, non-toxic greenhouse gas also associated with ocean acidification, emitted from sources such as combustion, cement production, and respiration. It is otherwise recycled in the atmosphere in the carbon cycle. Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Answers to the questions on the student´s worksheet: 4) China, United States, Russia, Mexico, and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions. 5) Open answers: The main problem is water pollution/air pollution, etc. There are many mines, factories (ironworks) in my region, and many people drive cars, burn coal, etc. Air pollution causes - the growing industry and increased traffic, as well as the use of low-quality fuels in household heating. Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501 VY_32_INOVACE_1.3.AJ3,4.18/Kf Obrázky: http://www.dream-wallpaper.com/free-wallpaper/art-wallpaper/urban-and-environmental-2-wallpaper/1440x900/free-wallpaper-12.jpg http://www.dream-wallpaper.com/art-wallpaper/earth-and-environmental-2-wallpaper/1920x1200/free-wallpaper-20.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flood102405.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dszpics1.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lava_forms.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wolfsburg_VW-Werk.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:I-80_Eastshore_Fwy.jpg http://www.freefoto.com/preview/13-27-7/Sugar-Factory http://www.flickr.com/photos/brittneebilliot12/7986265185/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Air_.pollution_1.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Air_Pollution-Causes%26Effects.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pollution_in_Maracaibo_lake.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oiled_Bird_-_Black_Sea_Oil_Spill_111207.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soilcontam.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Warning2Pesticides.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wysypisko.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chuquicamata-002.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cropduster_spraying_pesticides.jpg Zdroje: EL-HMOUDOVÁ, Dagmar. Angličtina pro střední školy. 1. vyd. Třebíč: Petra Velanová, 2006, 223 s. Maturita (Petra Velanová). ISBN 80-86873-02-1. Natural environment. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 201211-21]. Dostupné z: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment Pollution. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2012-11-21]. Dostupné z: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution Air pollution. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2012-11-21]. Dostupné z: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution Soil pollution. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2012-11-21]. Dostupné z: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_pollution Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Tereza Kufová CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0501
